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    Māori ways-of-being : addressing cultural disruption through everyday socio-cultural practices of [re]connection : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2019) King, Pita
    Within the discipline of psychology, many Indigenous scholars have endeavoured to rethink and re-theorise the foundations, focus, and methods used in an effort to construct psychologies that are more reflective of their own cosmologies and contexts. The presented thesis contributes to this Indigenous project by exploring the ways in which the ruling psychology of our times, and its underlying philosophical assumptions, can disrupt Indigenous peoples’ attempts to articulate our own understandings of being. Drawing on emic and etic approaches and grounded within Kaupapa Māori approach, this thesis engages with the complexities of what it means to be Māori today through two theoretically (chapters 2 and 3) and two community-based publications (chapters 4 and 5). In the first article (chapter 2), I decentre the dominance of ruling psychology by challenging the idea of a single disciplinary space within the discipline and introduce the notion of multiple sphericules that carry numerous cultural philosophical perspectives that combine to make up the discipline of psychology. Building on these ideas in the second article (chapter 3), I contribute to efforts to theorize Māori ways-of-being by drawing on Māori cultural understandings and associated literature, ideas from the European continental philosophical tradition, and personal reflections. Taken together, chapters 2 and 3 carve out conceptual space within psychology that is then explored through culturally immersive and auto-ethnographic techniques in chapters 4 and 5. Specifically, chapter 4 is set within the context of the low socio-economic urban landscape in which I grew up. Chapter 5 speaks more to issues of [re]connecting with ancestral homelands, communities, and ways-of-being. In chapters 4 and 5, I document how Māori cultural selves are preserved amidst histories of colonization and urbanization by paying particular attention to the role of culturally-patterned social practices evident in the conduct of everyday life. Overall, this thesis contributes to present understandings of the ongoing development of Māori subjectivities that often shift in response to the socio-cultural conditions and structural inequalities that many of our communities continue to face. This thesis provides some insights into how urban Māori, such as myself, construct and reproduce novel, creative, and culturally grounded strategies for dealing with the disruptions that have come with colonization. These efforts work to strengthen and preserve cultural connectedness and distinct Māori ways-of-being.
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    Mana or moni? : what it means to be a Māori business leader : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Industrial/Organisational Psychology at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2019) Taiapa, Api
    Research about Māori leadership has faced growing interest in recent years, particularly in the business and management literature. Despite this growing interest, and years of leadership study it still remains under researched. Using a Māori centred approach, this research focuses on the role of mana in leadership and makes an important contribution to examining what it means and what is required to be a successful Māori leader in a Māori organisational context. This research comprised of a case study of a collectively owned hapū organisation based in the Ngāti Porou region involved in the primary industries sector. Six participants from different levels of the organisation were interviewed, and their responses thematically analysed. Three main themes emerged from the data. First, in order to become a leader in a Māori organisation you have to have the mandate, through whakapapa and mana, to lead. Second, in order to be successful as a Māori leader, you have to engage, direct, and defend the collective. Third, Māori leaders have to be guided by the correct goals, such as kaitiakitanga (guardianship) of the whenua (land), service to the people, and mana motuhake (mana through autonomy and self-determination). These themes were then used to create a model of successful Māori leadership. Limitations include this research being exploratory and only having one case study. Further research could include exploring the universality of this leadership model.
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    An examination of cultural inclusion and Māori culture in New Zealand rugby : the impact on well-being : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Health (Sport & Exercise) at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2018) Hapeta, Jeremy William
    This thesis presents four separate, yet related, studies. The purpose, as the title indicates, was to interrogate the inclusion of ‘culture’ (specifically in terms of ethnicity) within New Zealand Rugby environments and settings. Related to this primary objective, I also wanted to understand the impact of Māori knowledge practices on the well-being of players, coaches, other participants and communities. Each of the four studies aims to address these broad research objectives. A Kaupapa Māori approach guided the philosophical, theoretical and methodological perspectives utilised in each of the interrelated studies. Study 1 is a culturally progressive, Kaupapa Māori, review that synthesises the extant literature from 2008 to 2017of ethnicity and inclusion in sport globally, and Māori and rugby in New Zealand. The results showed that the main Māori symbol used in rugby was the haka. Thus, Study 2 examines whether the haka ‘Ka Mate’ is a commodity to trade or a taonga to treasure by analysing marketing campaigns related to sporting events. The pukengā (experts) interviewed would prefer it be treated as a taonga (treasure), not a commodity to maintain the well-being of this taonga and the communities who treasure it. The third study interrogates cultural identity and leadership practices from a Māori perspective by examining how indigenous storytelling impacted on well-being in a NZ provincial rugby team. The case study results demonstrated that a Māori motto (whakataukī), motif (maunga), mascots and a ‘maunga of success’ model were all used by the team (players and coaches/support staff) to enhance their individual and collective well-being, both on and off the field. The fourth study presents two other case studies that explore sport for social change inititiatives involving Māori and Pasifika rangatahi (youth) and rugby in New Zealand. Results showed that rugby and cultural identity can be used effectively as a waka (vehicle) to promote social and cultural change for youth. The concluding chapter discusses the outcomes of the overall research objectives where the studies’ limitations and strengths are also presented. Finally, implications for future research directions and recommendations are made.