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Item Examining the roles of proximity in craft brewery knowledge-sharing and collaboration in Aotearoa New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Management at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand(Massey University, 2022) O'Hare, JamieThe research presented in this thesis examines the roles of proximity dimensions in inter-firm knowledge-sharing and collaboration between craft breweries in Aotearoa New Zealand. I sought to develop a deep understanding of proximity dimensions by responding to the following research questions: (1) What are the roles of proximity in knowledge-sharing between New Zealand’s craft breweries? (1a) How do other dimensions of proximity relate to geographic proximity in the New Zealand Craft Brewing Industry? (2) How are craft brewery collaboration modalities influenced by proximity dimensions in the New Zealand Craft Brewing Industry? Extant literature in this domain focuses on understanding the role of geography and contends that geographic proximity is neither necessary nor sufficient for inter-firm learning or collaboration. Such literature is constrained by static methodological approaches, grounded in positivism. Static positivistic approaches limit understanding as to how the roles of proximity dimensions inter-relate and change over time. Addressing this limitation with an exploratory qualitative approach deepens understanding of proximity in knowledge-sharing and collaboration. Towards this approach, I conduct this research following an interpretive research paradigm. Empirical material has been collected via semi-structured interviews with 24 participants, from 21 craft breweries, across six geographic regions of Aotearoa New Zealand. These interviews were conducted and subsequently analysed using a method devised from productive hermeneutic thinking. Findings show that the role of geographic proximity in craft brewery knowledge-sharing and collaboration is complex. It is a direct enabler of inter-firm knowledge-sharing, but it is foremost an enabler of other proximity dimensions that facilitate subsequent knowledge exchange and collaboration. By re-examining established proximity dimensions through a hermeneutic lens, this research presents alternate perspectives of institutional, cognitive, and organisational proximity. Contributions to knowledge are also made through the identification of three novel proximity dimensions: triadic proximity; adversarial proximity; and capacity proximity. The roles of each of these new proximities in craft brewery knowledge-sharing and collaboration are demonstrated in this research. The findings of this thesis may be used to inform New Zealand governmental policy, which has historically sought, and failed, to capitalise on proximity as a mechanism for enhancing national innovation performance. Findings may also be of value to industry practitioners, such as craft brewery managers seeking to learn from and collaborate with their industry counterparts.Item One for the road(Massey University, 2017) MacInnes, BridieOne for the Road is a photographic exploration of the social landscape of craft beer in New Zealand. Drawing on the methods of visual anthropology and visual ethnography, the aim of this research is to explore how people, public houses and geography intertwine to create micro-cultures within the industry. For generations, beer in New Zealand has represented the epitome of hegemonic, white masculinity. Homogenised during the rise of the duopoly of DB and Lion Nathan (through a series of acquisitions and mergers up until the mid 1970s), beer lost an intrinsic element of craftsmanship. In its place a product emerged that no longer represented beer’s diversity, in favour of becoming a beacon of regional pride and masculine values. With beer, still a quintessential part of Kiwi culture, craft beer has been a welcome change to the many seeking the complexity of flavour, allure of artistry and sophistication a good beer can offer. In my time, as both a patron and bartender, what I have come to observe is a huge social and cultural shift in the way society engages with beer. For me the craft beer pub and its denizens have come to represent the antithesis of the ‘iconic Kiwi beer’ culture. Craft beer is a relatively young industry. With this there is a lack of research into the fascinating web of relationships that allow the industry to thrive. Building on my experiences, and drawing from the theory of The Third Place by Ray Oldenburg, this research takes the form of a publication that samples four regional examples of the craft beer industry in New Zealand. The photographic dialogue is supported by anecdotal interviews giving context on both the regional and national development of the industry and, in turn, highlights the importance of place, kinship and rapport to the growth of the craft beer scene as a whole.