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Subject: search.filters.subject.New Zealand rivers

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    Suspended sediment yields of New Zealand rivers and their relationship to precipitation characteristics : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1982) Streeter, Anthony C
    Sediment ratings determined by plots of instantaneous suspended sediment concentrations and their associated discharges, were combined with the continuous flow record to give values of suspended sediment yields for 82 catchments throughout New Zealand. A discussion of the errors involved in this determination is undertaken and suggestions as to the best use of the current resources in order to lessen these errors is given. Multiple regression analysis including flow characteristics and rainfall characteristics (depth, intensity and variation) determined from the wide network of daily storage rain-gauges, resulted in a national equation of weak prediction identifying 24-hour 5-year return period rainfall as the best explanatory variable of variation in suspended sediment yield. The country was divided into eight regions and the regression rerun revealing mean annual rainfall as the principal predictor in all but one region. The high explanation exhibited in some areas must be rationalised against small sample numbers. A combination of four regions into one gave good prediction, supporting overseas workers', contentions that sediment yield is strongly influenced by rainfall depth and its variability. It is suggested that introduction of a bed material size component into the prediction equation may allow incorporation of at least two further regions into the combined region. The coefficients of the regional logarithmic equations relating sediment yield to mean annual precipitation are analysed. Important conclusions reached are that in relation to suspended sediment, catchment conditions are not necessarily reflected in rainfall depth or vegetation cover but primarily to the volume of transportable material in storage in the channel subsystem. The volume of sediment in storage in some catchments greatly exceeds annual export, stressing the limitations in determining erosion rates from sediment yield values. In Region 2 (East Cape) storage is so large that limits on yield are not controlled by the rate of supply but the competence of the rivers to carry it; some of these rivers may well be carrying limiting yields therefore. Evidence available suggests that a predictive equation derived herein can also be applied to streams draining largely glaciated areas.
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    Kaitiakitanga and the conservation and heritage management of the Kaituna River : a planning project presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Resource and Environmental Planning at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1998) Park, Matiu C
    This thesis investigates kaitiakitanga as an integral component of the Maori environmental management system and the theoretical and practical implications of this concepts incorporation in modern resource management, in particular the conservation and heritage management of the Kaituna River, Okere, Rotorua. With increasing attention being focused on the development of bicultural policies for resource management, this thesis pursues the effectiveness of New Zealand's environmental mandate as inclusive of Maori and Treaty of Waitangi concerns. Through the use of an extensive literature research and retroductive interviews, this thesis examines both the Maori and Western world-views and their resource management perspectives and practices. In terms of giving expression to kaitiakitanga, an investigation of the hierarchies, priorities and partnerships developed to resolve competing resource conflicts was undertaken, as well as the various legally based structures and mechanisms for processing and implementing partnership arrangements and recognising iwi rights and values. The Kaituna River was chosen as a case study because of the current ongoing resource management conflict between Maori and the Crown with respect to recreational use and commercial development versus Maori cultural and spiritual values. The case study complemented the findings of this research in that, despite the widespread formal recognition of kaitiakitanga by management agencies and the various statutory and non-statutory mechanisms that could be used to accord Maori management authority, there have been neither a sufficiency, nor an appropriate choice of formally established structures to allow Ngati Pikiao to exercise, as Treaty partners, their kaitiakitanga responsibilities. More specifically, the situation investigated at the Kaituna River established the current inability ofNew Zealand's political and judiciary systems to apply kaitiakitanga effectively as a mechanism for dealing with resource management issues involving Maori and the Crown. At present, kaitiakitanga is expressed in the RMA as a principle to which territorial authorities shall have "particular regard" in achieving the purpose of the Act It is to be effected through the requirement the RMA places on these authorities to "take into account" the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi. The problem is though, as many Maori involved in resource management are realising, it is a requirement which those with responsibilities under the RMA may choose to readily avoid. Whether the kaitiakitanga role of hapu and iwi will become better understood, appreciated and given effect to by resource management agencies involved and the promised Treaty of Waitangi partnership is being affirmed still remains to be seen. While the case study was specific to the Kaituna River, the findings of this thesis could be relevant to any conflicting resource management situation between Maori and the Crown in New Zealand. The development of new principles and/or a new planning framework relating to the kawanatanga response needs to become consistent with New Zealand's dual mainstream planning heritage. Legal and constitutional adjustments may be needed to facilitate formal collaborative management structures and negotiated agreements at all levels.