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Item Framing the COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria : an analysis of Nigerian media : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Communication and Journalism at Massey University, Wellington Campus, New Zealand(Massey University, 2024-11-27) Sadiq, MohammedVaccine hesitancy is one stumbling block in managing the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak globally. Documented evidence shows vaccine hesitancy has existed for more than 100 years, with unnecessary mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases than otherwise might have happened. This is true in Nigeria; where the COVID-19 vaccination campaign suffered major setbacks, due to misinformation, fake news, and a lack of trust and suspicion of the vaccine’s safety. Against this background, the influence of news framing came to the forefront as soon as the COVID-19 vaccination campaign was rolled out in Nigeria and the health authorities began urging citizens to get vaccinated. The media framing of the COVID-19 vaccine has arguably contributed to the rising COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and the 39% vaccination rate (as of March 2024). Stiff-anti-vaccination sentiment, building on prior assumptions among the lay publics, coalesced into hesitancy against the COVID-19 vaccination among many Nigerians. Therefore, this study seeks to examine how Nigerian media framed the COVID-19 vaccination rollout. Identifying the factors that shape/influence the media's framing of the COVID-19 vaccination discussion in Nigeria. Examine the reported barriers to the COVID-19 vaccination adoption in Nigeria. The study adopts mixed methods, content analysis and natural language processing using sentiment analysis to explore data from YouTube videos and Nigerian online newspapers. The research applies the theory of planned behaviour and framing theory as the theoretical foundations to understand how the media (YouTube and Online Newspapers) frame the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Nigeria.Item Financial and nonfinancial analyses of Nigerian cocoa cooperatives : implications for governance and sustainable development : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand(Massey University, 2023) Ajayi, Joseph OmotosoThe objectives of this study were to develop a framework that explains the financial and nonfinancial business performance of Nigerian cocoa cooperatives with implications for governance and sustainability, analyse how governance and sustainable development are reported by cocoa cooperatives and investigate how the relationship between governance and sustainable development can be explored. The study provided answers to the research questions and the three objectives were addressed by using analysis of financial data, interviews, secondary data and case studies. The four largest cocoa cooperatives in the Ondo State of Nigeria which are Akure CMU Ltd, Odode-Idanre CMU Ltd, Owo CMU Ltd and Alade-Idanre CMU Ltd were purposively selected. The study used financial and non-financial documents of the four secondary cooperatives. These are annual reports and books of accounts (2018-2022), progress reports, documents from meetings and public forums, and legal documents (bylaws). Twelve semi-structured interviews were also conducted with three directors from each of the four cooperatives. From the financial analysis, the trend analysis of these financial positions reveals variations among the cooperatives, Akure CMU Ltd generally has higher assets and equity compared to others, while Alade-Idanre CMU Ltd has lower assets and equity. The non-financial analysis revealed that Akure CMU Ltd, Owo CMU ltd, Alade Idanre CMU Ltd, and Odode CMU Ltd all have a statutory 10% of their earnings meant for educational purposes. This was in line with the Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) as a key element of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. On Skill Development and Training, there was enough secondary data from Akure CMU Ltd, Owo CMU Ltd, Alade Idanre CMU Ltd and Odode CMU Ltd to provide evidence of each cooperative commitment to upscaling the skills of its primary cooperatives and their members. As that they have a statutory responsibility for development funding. Their records show that the funding was mostly used for strategic development. The cooperatives also had Women's Engagement and Empowerment commitments, and implemented the Accelerating Action for the Elimination of Child Labour in Supply Chain in Africa (ACCEL- Africa) in Nigeria which is intended to improve awareness and behavioural change by the cooperatives to accelerate the eradication of child labour. The four cooperatives engaged in biodiversity protection and environmental programmes. The results of the interview were able to validate and corroborate most of the findings from most the financial and nonfinancial analysis of the cooperatives.Item Exploring the opportunities in the sweetpotato value chain in diversifying the Nigerian economy : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of AgriCommerce at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand(Massey University, 2018) Adesina, AdebowaleNigeria is the second largest producer of sweetpotato in the world and the largest producer in Africa. However, the total average yields of sweetpotato in Nigeria is comparatively low (2.6 tons per hectare) when compared to the rest of Africa (9.6 tons per hectare) and the world (16 tons per hectare). Furthermore, Nigeria is not ranked among the top 150 global exporters of sweetpotato, and the unavailability of markets has been reported to as one of the primary constraints to sweetpotato production in Nigeria. The aim of this study is therefore to explore the opportunities in the sweetpotato value chain that can contribute to the development of the Nigerian economy. A structured questionnaire survey was used to obtain information from 115 farmers who were selected through non-probability convenience sampling. The findings from the structured questionnaire were complemented by an open-ended face-to-face interview. The analysis of the findings involved descriptive and inferential statistics. With the aid of the descriptive statistics, the contributing factors to the low yield of sweetpotato were identified along with the constraints to market access and market opportunities for sweetpotato nationally and internationally. The inferential analysis using the binary logistic model was used to determine the factors that had a significant influence on the yield of sweetpotato. The constraints identified that limit the production and yield of sweetpotato farmers included: inadequate market outlets to sell increased quantity of sweetpotato; high incidence of pest and diseases; scarcity of vines for planting; lack of knowledge on pest and disease management; lack of access to financial capital to buy farm inputs and carry out necessary farm activities; early spoilage of sweetpotato roots after harvest; lack of storage facilities to increase the shelf life of harvested sweetpotato; inadequate rainfall; grazing of cattle by herdsmen on sweetpotato farms; difficulty in getting farm labourers and inadequate access to farm machinery. The empirical results of the binary logistic regression indicated that farmers age, level of formal education, gender, cultivated land area, access to extension services access to market information and membership of a farmers group all had significant positive effect on the yield of sweetpotato farmers except farmers age which had a significant negative impact on the yield of farmers. Addressing the constraint to sweetpotato production and market access had the potential to increase farmers’ productivity, annual income and access to the high-value market, alleviate poverty and contribute to the economic development of Nigeria.Item Improving the reproductive performance of the Muturu breed of cattle in Nigeria using modified Ovsynch and progesterone synchronization protocol : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Animal Science, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand(Massey University, 2017) Obianwuna, UchechukwuThe Ovsynch protocol has been used in cattle to synchronize ovulation and facilitate fixed-time AI (FTAI) but its efficacy has not been evaluated in the Nigerian Muturu breed of B. indicus cattle. The effects of a modified Ovsynch protocol (modified by the addition of progesterone, eCG and modification of time for AI) upon the reproductive performance of Muturu cows were therefore studied. The study was conducted at Abakiliki in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. Muturu cows (n=100) were selected for the study based on their previous calving history and the presence of follicle of greater than 5 mm diameter. Cows were then allotted to Untreated and Treated groups (n=50 each). Synchronization was by an Ovsynch regimen (Day 0: 100 μg GnRH, Day 7: 500 μg PGF2α (Ovuprost), Day 10: 100 μg GnRH), augmented by a progesterone-releasing intravaginal insert (CIDR) between Days 0 and 7, and 400 IU eCG (Norvomon) on Day 7. FTAI was performed 12 and 24 h after the second GnRH injection. Untreated animals were monitored over two consecutive oestrous cycles and examined daily for the presence of oestrus over a period of 49 days, and were exposed to natural mating upon detection of oestrus in the second oestrous cycle observed. Ovarian ultrasonography to ascertain follicle size was performed at the onset and end of oestrus in the Untreated group, and on Days 0,7,10 in the Treated group. Pregnancy diagnosis (ultrasonographic) was performed 45 days after FTAI (Synchronized) and 45 days after the last observed oestrus during the breeding season (Untreated). Blood samples were collected from Treated group of animals for progesterone, LH and oestradiol concentrations assay. All animals in the Treated group displayed oestrus after synchronization and all animals in the Untreated groups displayed oestrus during the 49-day study period. Follicle size (18 ± 0.4 mm versus 12± 0.2 mm), ovulation rate (100% versus 64%), duration of oestrus (54 h versus 19 h ) and 45-day pregnancy rate (84% versus 36%), were all greater (p<0.005) in Treated than Untreated animals. Additionally, the animals in the Treated group displayed 46% multiple ovulations, compared with none in the Untreated group. Oestradiol concentrations were related to follicle size. Increase in follicle size resulted in higher concentration of oestradiol. The presence of multiple ovulations appears to have been related to the use of eCG in the protocol. No multiple pregnancies occurred. It is concluded that the modified Ovsynch protocol produced synchrony of oestrus, ovulation and improved follicle size, that were supported by normal endocrine patterns. It therefore appears that oestrus synchronization and FTAI can improve reproductive performance of the Muturu breed of cattle. Key words: Muturu cows, pregnancy, follicle size, ovulation, oestrus, modified Ovsynch, NigeriaItem The potential reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from gas flaring in Nigeria’s oil and gas industry through alternative productive use(MDPI, 23/11/2016) Otene IJJ; Murray PE; Enongene KE; Levy, JK; Yu, PGlobally, climate change and its adverse effects on the human population and the environment has necessitated significant research on the sustainable use of natural resources. Gas flaring in Nigeria’s oil and gas industry causes environmental and health hazards and to a large extent, culminates in yearly loss of the Nation’s revenue. The aim of the study is to highlight the potentials of converting flared gas from the Nigerian oil and gas industry to compressed natural gas (CNG) which could be an alternative fuel for the 220 Lagos Bus Rapid Transit (BRT-Lite) while reducing CO2 emissions. In addition, the study provided an overview of gas flaring in the oil and gas industry and energy utilisation in some selected sectors in the country. The Long-range Energy Alternative Planning System (LEAP) software was employed to model the energy demand and carbon dioxide emissions from the BRT-Lite by creating a current scenario and projections to the year 2030. The use of CNG as an alternative fuel for Lagos BRT-Lite will significantly reduce CO2 emissions in Nigeria’s oil and gas industry. Other utilization options for flared gas from this industry includes: Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), and power generationItem Contextualizing Sustainable Infrastructure Development in Nigeria(2014) Olanipekun A; Aje I; Awodele OItem Consequences of the treasury single account policy on the wealth of Nigerian commercial banks’ shareholders(Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 3/09/2017) Moses O; Ehalaiye D; Maimako S; Fasua KWe examine the impact of the Nigerian government’s Treasury Single Account (TSA) policy to withdraw the funds of Ministries, Departments and Agencies from commercial banks. Following the economic policy uncertainty theory, we use an event study methodology to measure the impact of the TSA policy on shareholders’ wealth. Our results show that the announcements and subsequent final implementation of TSA policy caused negative abnormal returns and losses on the wealth of the commercial banks’ shareholders. The paper contributes to the literature on stock market reaction to policy announcements and the unintended consequences government policy can have in an emerging economy.
