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    Impressions from the wild : a thematic analysis of adolescents' experience on Project K's Wilderness Adventure : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2018) Jones, Madeline Rose
    Positive youth development (PYD) programmes empower adolescents by developing youth resources and strengths in order to meet their significant potential. Project K is a PYD programme developed and implemented by the Graeme Dingle Foundation in participating high schools around Aotearoa New Zealand. Year 10 students (age 14-15 years) are selected based on low self-efficacy scores relative to their year group. Low self-efficacy indicates that these students will benefit from the PYD opportunities Project K provides. The first of the three phases of Project K is the Wilderness Adventure, a 17-day wilderness experience which provides participants with first-hand mastery experiences in a novel and challenging outdoor environment. In groups of 12, adolescents take an active role in leading the group to complete kayaking, mountain biking, and hiking expeditions. This research explored the perspectives of 23 Project K participants on their Wilderness Adventure experience. Thematic analysis of eight focus group discussions identified two superordinate themes of challenges and outcomes, with three subordinate themes pertaining to each. The three challenge themes were outside comfort zone, real consequences, and interpersonal challenges. The outcome themes were mastery, attitude, and interpersonal skills. This study informs PYD programmes, particularly involving wilderness interventions, by communicating the experience of adolescent participants, and the challenges and outcomes that were perceived to be meaningful for them.
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    Outdoor recreation resources in the Manawatu : with a preliminary case study of Foxton Beach as a water-based recreation resource
    (Massey University, 1974) Ng, Chin Yong
    The subject of supply of outdoor recreation resources is discussed in this thesis. The nature of the resources suitable for outdoor recreation and the present use made of them are determined. The extent and use of one type of recreation resource in the Manawatu - the Water-based recreation resource - is extensively reviewed. A preliminary case study is made of Foxton Beach as a water - based recreation environment. The results of the study of the ecological implications of recreation on the beach and the visitor surveys conducted there are presented. Major areas of 'ecological intolerance' are described and the recreation behaviours exhibited by the visitors at the beach are reported. Foxton Beach is reported to be able to attract visitors from within and outside the Manawatu region.
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    Exploring the potential of New Zealand gravel-bed rivers like the lower Manawatu river for outrdoor [sic] and resource-base recreation : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Resource and Environmental Planning at Massey University
    (Massey University, 2002) Santos, Poncianito E
    Recreation is a significant feature of the New Zealand lifestyle. New Zealanders love to participate in outdoor recreation, particularly those activities that utilise a natural environment or resource from which they derive much enjoyment and satisfaction. In New Zealand for example, rivers and lakes are valued for their aesthetic or amenity, recreational and cultural values. However, government authorities are known to adhere to strict environmental laws and regulations implemented through various governmental institutions to protect and conserve the country's natural and physical resources. This has somehow limited recreational opportunities in utilising a resource base like the Lower Manawatu River in an urban setting like Palmerston North which is chosen to be the case study for this study. To examine current practice in recreation planning, authorities from the Palmerston North City Council and Horizons.mw staff were interviewed. Current plans, policies and strategies were also examined to determine how leisure and recreation issues are considered, particularly those which utilise the Manawatu River. River users and recreationists were also interviewed concerning their perceptions about the river as a recreational resource, and the leisure and recreation activities carried out along the Manawatu River. While local authorities and river users agree on the importance of the Manawatu River as a recreational resource, they however differ in both ideas and perceptions on how it is to be managed, improved and developed to provide a diversity of recreational opportunities. Two approaches were examined to explore the potential of the lower Manawatu River as a place for outdoor and resource-base recreation: Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) and Landscape Ecology. The ROS method's three distinctive components, namely activity, setting and experience can provide resource managers and planners with valuable information for better recreation planning, while Landscape Ecology demonstrates its usefulness in improving and enhancing the Lower Manawatu River's aesthetic and amenity values, along with biological diversity. However, the local authorities' focus attention on the Manawatu River's physical limitations have prevented further developments along the river. Both PNCC and Horizons.mw have not used other methods and approaches to integrate leisure and recreation in their planning and policy-making.
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    Taking the plunge : assessing and managing risks in adventure tourism in the lower North Island, New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Resource and Environmental PLanning at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1998) Caine, Cheyenne Yakima
    This thesis seeks to discover the nature of risks in adventure tourism and how these risks can be managed effectively. There are three major sources of risk i.e. the natural environment, people and equipment. Risk results in consequences. These are usually undesirable events such as drownings. Several incidents have occurred in the recent past prompting negative publicity. To keep incidents at a minimum, several regulatory measures exist for example codes of practice, insurance, risk management plans, legislation, certification and safety standards. These methods can be administered by government, the industry or by businesses themselves. Currently, a combination of the latter two modes of implementation (i.e. industry driven self-regulation) is preferred. A Lower North Island case study using three actives (i.e. whitewater rafting, bungy jumping and jetboating) is used to examine the topic. Operator perceptions of risk are examined, management practices identified and a package for risk management developed. An estimation of the riskiness of the three case study activities is also possible. All businesses interviewed have some form of risk management in place. Operators desire a three tier division of responsibility for risk management including themselves, the government and an industry body.