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    Predicting reading recovery selection and outcomes : is it possible? : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education (Literacy) at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2017) London, Athena
    Purpose: Predictive early literacy assessments are useful to identify students who are at risk of reading difficulty. This study investigated the use of six early literacy assessments, administered when students first entered school (Time 1), and in the middle of their first year at school (Time 2), in order to predict which students would be selected for Reading Recovery and to identify the Reading Recovery (RR) outcomes for students who participated in the intervention. Method: Unpublished data from a longitudinal study (Early Literacy Project, Chapman, Arrow, Tunmer, & Braid, 2016) was analysed to find predictive links between assessment results and later reading outcomes, for a cohort of 300 5-year-old children in New Zealand primary schools. Results: It was not possible to predict which students would be selected for Reading Recovery due to the variations in RR selection processes. It was found that children who participated in RR were more likely to be referred on for further support the lower their phonological awareness scores were. It was also found that if a child scored 20 points or less, in a combination of Time 1 assessments (letter names, letter sounds and three measures of phonological awareness), they were likely to have a body of literacy abilities that meant they would be working at least a year below the National Standard by the end of their second year at school. Implications: The findings indicate that standardising the selection of students for RR may mean students with the lowest literacy attainment all get support. In addition, early literacy assessments, including measures of phonological awareness, should be administered early in a child’s schooling and those identified as being at risk of reading difficulty should receive literacy support without delay. Addressing students’ low levels of phonological awareness in the first year of schooling may lead to better outcomes for students who participate in RR. Keywords: phonological awareness, Reading Recovery, early literacy assessment, letter names, letter sounds, New Zealand, timing of assessment, vocabulary
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    A comparison study of Quick60 and reading recovery instruction : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Educational Psychology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2016) MacDougall, Bridget Alexandra
    New Zealand has a national system of early reading intervention called Reading Recovery. This intervention is available to children after a year at school if they are seriously underachieving in reading. There has, however, been concern that the intervention has not achieved its aim of bringing underachieving readers up to class average. Results of international literacy surveys consistently indicate a wide gap between the best and poorest readers. Some critics have argued that a key reason for the gap is a lack of focus on the explicit teaching of phonologically-based skills in Reading Recovery and that other interventions could be more effective. One intervention that has been suggested is Quick60, a New Zealand developed literacy intervention for underachieving children that is taught in small groups and emphasises the teaching of phonologically-based skills. One aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of Quick60 relative to Reading recovery. A second aim was to consider whether Quick60 could be of equal efficacy but more cost-effective than Reading Recovery which is taught on an individual basis and is whole language in approach. The comparison study of Quick60 and Reading Recovery took place in two schools and involved 30 children. Children were assessed on a number of language and literacy measures before and after 13 weeks of instruction. The results of the study indicated that both the Quick60 and Reading Recovery children made gains but no more than did the control group.