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    An examination of inattentional blindness in the team ball sport of netball : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science in Sport and Exercise at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2023) Blackmore, Melissa Lee
    The world around us is a detail-rich place. Therefore, there are numerous stimuli to observe, and as humans, we only have a limited information processing capacity. Thus, on occasion, we can have failures of attention. Inattentional blindness is a specific failure of attention when a person fails to see a clearly visible, but unexpected stimulus because their attention is engaged elsewhere. Inattentional blindness becomes an issue in team ball sports as missing critical stimuli, such as a freely available teammate, may be the difference between winning and losing. The present study examines inattentional blindness in the team ball sport context of netball. This examination has been conducted using a more ecologically valid sport inattentional blindness research paradigm than previously used. The findings of this study provide evidence that inattentional blindness exists in netball.
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    YouTube's modulatory apparatus : young children's participation in YouTube's political economy : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Media Studies, Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2023) Bastos Mareschi Aggio, Amanda
    YouTube is a favoured digital destination for young children between five and six years old. In contrast to accounts that celebrate YouTube as an empowering and democratising platform, this research project examines young children’s interactions with YouTube using political economic and biopolitical approaches which situate children’s participation in the platform as unpaid and exploited labour. The thesis employs thematic analysis drawing on 47 interviews with young children, their parents, and teachers, alongside observations of young children’s usage of YouTube. The key findings are organised around the themes of happiness, attention, popularity and control, which unpack and question notions of digital labour, biopower and the attention economy in relation to the functioning of YouTube and its impact on young children’s lives. Within this analysis I develop the concept of the YouTube’s Modulatory Apparatus (YTMA), a strategic formation composed of the interplay of YouTube’s technical components and the platform’s commercial rationales. My findings suggest children’s feelings, behaviour and subjectivities are influenced by a trustful, intimate and emotional rapport established between young children and the YTMA. The analysis of participants’ accounts of YouTube highlights narratives that can suggest YouTube’s commercial strategies or justify practices of and through its platform.
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    Black tea and improvement of attention: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006
    (John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority, 2018-05-24) EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Turck D; Bresson J-L; Burlingame B; Dean T; Fairweather-Tait S; Heinonen M; Hirsch-Ernst KI; Mangelsdorf I; McArdle HJ; Naska A; Neuhäuser-Berthold M; Nowicka G; Pentieva K; Sanz Y; Sjödin A; Stern M; Tomé D; Van Loveren H; Vinceti M; Willatts P; Martin A; Strain SJJ; Siani A
    Following an application from Unilever NV, submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of Ireland, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to black tea and improvement of attention. The scope of the application was proposed to fall under a health claim based on newly developed scientific evidence. The food proposed by the applicant as the subject of the health claim is black tea. The Panel considers that black tea characterised by its content of tea solids, caffeine and l-theanine, which is the subject of the health claim, is sufficiently characterised in relation to the claimed effect. The claimed effect proposed by the applicant is 'improves attention'. The Panel considers that improvement of attention is a beneficial physiological effect. Three human intervention studies provided by the applicant show an effect of black tea on attention under the conditions of used proposed by the applicant. The applicant proposed that the claimed effect depends on the concerted action of two substances, caffeine and l-theanine, both of which are present in black tea. The Panel considers that the effect of black tea on attention observed in the three human intervention studies provided by the applicant can be explained by its caffeine content. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has been established between the consumption of black tea and improvement of attention. The Panel considers that the effect of black tea on attention can be explained by its caffeine content. The following wording reflects the scientific evidence: 'Owing to its caffeine content, black tea improves attention'. In order to obtain the claimed effect, 2-3 servings of black tea providing at least 75 mg of caffeine in total should be consumed within 90 min.