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Subject: search.filters.subject.bone mineral density

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    Bone Health in Premenopausal Women with Coeliac Disease: An Observational Study.
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2024-07-09) Schraders K; Coad J; Kruger M; Iacone R
    Low bone mineral density (BMD) is common in adults with coeliac disease (CD), even in individuals adhering to a gluten-free diet (GFD). Women are more likely to have low BMD and have an increased risk of osteoporosis, so women with pre-existing low BMD related to CD are at an even higher risk. BMD assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone quality assessed through quantitative ultrasound (QUS) were investigated in 31 premenopausal women with CD consuming a GFD, and 39 matched healthy controls from the Lower North Island, New Zealand. In addition, bone metabolism and nutrient status were assessed, and four-day diet diaries were used to estimate nutrient intake. No statistically significant differences were found in BMD assessed by DXA between the two groups at the hip, lumbar spine or forearm. However, the parameters measured by the QUS were significantly lower in CD participants. Dietary data indicated significantly lower intakes of energy, dietary fibre, magnesium and phosphorus in women with CD, likely as a result of a reduced intake of wholegrain foods, and suggested that both groups had inadequate intake of calcium. No significant differences were demonstrated in biochemical parameters. BMD and bone biomarkers indicated no differences between coeliac and healthy women in New Zealand. However, these findings suggest that QUS may be more sensitive for the coeliac population, due to the disease's affect on the trabecular bone, and warrant further research.
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    Factors Associated with Bone Mineral Density and Bone Resorption Markers in Postmenopausal HIV-Infected Women on Antiretroviral Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-06-18) Ellis C; Kruger HS; Viljoen M; Dave JA; Kruger MC; Weaver C
    The study aimed to determine factors associated with changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone resorption markers over two years in black postmenopausal women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Women (n = 120) aged > 45 years were recruited from Potchefstroom, South Africa. Total lumbar spine and left femoral neck (LFN) BMD were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Fasting serum C-Telopeptide of Type I collagen (CTx), vitamin D and parathyroid hormone were measured. Vitamin D insufficiency levels increased from 23% at baseline to 39% at follow up. In mixed linear models serum CTx showed no change from baseline to end (p = 0.363, effect size = 0.09). Total and LFN BMD increased significantly over two years, but effect sizes were small. No significant change in spine BMD over time was detected (p = 0.19, effect size = 0.02). Age was significantly positively associated with CTx over time, and negatively with total and LFN BMD. Physical activity (PA) was positively associated with LFN BMD (p = 0.008). Despite a decrease in serum vitamin D, BMD and CTx showed small or no changes over 2 years. Future studies should investigate PA interventions to maintain BMD in women living with HIV.
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    Associations between physical activity, body composition, nutrient intake, and bone mineral density in pre-menopausal Pacific Island women living in New Zealand : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2015) Casale, Maria
    Background/Aim: Anecdotally it is suggested that Pacific Island women have good bone mineral density (BMD); however little evidence for this or for associated factors exists. The aim of this study is to explore associations between several key predictors of bone health with bone mineral density, as measured by BMD (g/cm2), in pre-menopausal Pacific Island women. Methods: Healthy pre-menopausal Pacific Island women (n=91; age 16-45y) were recruited. Participants’ body composition and total body BMD were assessed using DXA and air-displacement plethysmography (BodPod). A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and current bone-specific physical activity questionnaire (cBPAQ) were completed. Variables that significantly correlated with BMD were applied to a hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean BMD was 1.1 g/cm2 ± 0.08. Bone-free, fat-free lean mass only (LMO, 52.4kg ± 6.9) and total mass (90.4kg ± 19) were the only factors to show a significant correlation with BMD. Body-fat (38.4% ± 7.6), cBPAQ score (1.7 (0.4,5.2)), and dietary calcium (1016mg ± 442), protein (18% ± 3.8) and vitamin C (125mg (94, 216)) showed no correlation with BMD. The regression analysis suggests that LMO is the most important predictor of BMD, explaining 13.4% of the variance, while total mass accounts for a further 2.5% of the variance. Together, these factors explain a total of 15.9% of the variability. Conclusions: LMO is the strongest predictor of BMD, while many established contributors to bone health (calcium, physical activity, protein, and vitamin C) do not appear to be associated with BMD in this population. As just 15.9% of the variability can be explained, further research is needed in this area.
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    The Relationship between Nutrient Patterns and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 3/06/2019) Ilesanmi-Oyelere BL; Brough L; Coad J; Roy N; Kruger MC
    In women, the menopausal transition is characterized by acid-base imbalance, estrogen deficiency and rapid bone loss. Research into nutritional factors that influence bone health is therefore necessary. In this study, the relationship between nutrient patterns and nutrients important for bone health with bone mineral density (BMD) was explored. In this cross-sectional analysis, 101 participants aged between 54 and 81 years were eligible. Body composition and BMD analyses were performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Nutrient data were extracted from a 3-day diet diary (3-DDD) using Foodworks 9 and metabolic equivalent (MET-minutes) was calculated from a self-reported New Zealand physical activity questionnaire (NZPAQ). Significant positive correlations were found between intakes of calcium (p = 0.003, r = 0.294), protein (p = 0.013, r = 0.246), riboflavin (p = 0.020, r = 0.232), niacin equivalent (p = 0.010, r = 0.256) and spine BMD. A nutrient pattern high in riboflavin, phosphorus and calcium was significantly positively correlated with spine (p < 0.05, r = 0.197) and femoral neck BMD (p < 0.05, r = 0.213), while the nutrient pattern high in vitamin E, α-tocopherol, β-carotene and omega 6 fatty acids was negatively correlated with hip (p < 0.05, r = -0.215) and trochanter BMD (p < 0.05, r = -0.251). These findings support the hypothesis that a nutrient pattern high in the intake of vitamin E, α-tocopherol and omega 6 fatty acids appears to be detrimental for bone health in postmenopausal women.