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    COVID-19 Prejudice Towards Afro-Brazilians
    (Taylor and Francis Group on behalf of the World Communication Association, 2022-04) Croucher S; Nguyen T; Ashwell D; Spencer A; Permyakova T; Gomez O
    As of May 2021, more than 14.7 million people have been infected and nearly 409,000 people have died from COVID-19 in Brazil. During the pandemic, there were countless cases of discrimination, racism, prejudice, and violence towards Brazil’s Afro-Brazilian population. Using integrated threat theory (ITT), this study investigates prejudice towards Afro-Brazilians. Specifically, this study (n= 410) examines the extent to which COVID-19 related prejudice towards Afro-Brazilians, who were partially blamed for the spread of the virus, is related to prejudice and fear of COVID-19. Results reveal the following: ethnocentrism is positively related to symbolic and realistic threat and fear of COVID-19 is positively related to symbolic and realistic threat.
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    Integrated threat theory : exploring prejudice toward the “Other” during the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Communication and Journalism at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2023) Nguyen, Thao Thanh Thi
    Since the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak, thousands of cases related to discrimination, racism, and hate crimes toward Asian community have been reported all over the world. Utilising integrated threat theory (ITT) as its theoretical backbone, this thesis considers the impacts of perceived threats on anti-Asian attitudes/behaviours spreading at the same time as the global health pandemic. Therefore, this thesis focuses on the following purposes. First, it is crucial to investigate the why Asian groups have been blamed for the spread of COVID-19 worldwide. Second, this study investigates how a contagious virus affects different levels of prejudice toward the “other”, particularly Asians, amid a global health crisis. Third, the author aims to assess the cross-cultural validity of the existing measures to discover whether they are equivalent and applicable in different cultural settings. Finally, this thesis aims to respond to the way that how theoretical concepts and theories have been shifted in thinking about prejudice during the pandemic. The findings support previous studies that showed the use of social media may enhance factors of intergroup threat which may lead to prejudicial attitudes and behaviours. Also, the results reveal that COVID-19 is a stigmatizing disease and perceived as a danger of contact. Therefore, the study findings suggest using ITT as a theoretical guideline to predict prejudice and how publics attribute blame to a specific target group. Besides, it is significant to look beyond theories to better our understanding of public stigma in such a pandemic like COVID-19 because there might be a relation between perceptions of threats and blame attribution. Key words: integrated threat, prejudice, ethnocentrism, media richness, blame attribution, COVID-19