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    "It starts with a conversation" : an exploration of creative, collaborative and participatory design approaches, in the context of disability, kāinga (housing and home) and policy : an exegesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Design, Massey University
    (Massey University, 2024) O'Sullivan, Faye
    The wider problem this work responds to: Disabled people are not meaningfully included in health policy development in Aotearoa New Zealand, due to various factors. This lack of inclusion results in poor policy outcomes for those it seeks to serve. How does this Design work contribute? This project explores the design of an equitable, participatory and collaborative process, championing the voice of lived experience as a valuable source of expertise and knowledge for policy practitioners. Who is this work for? This is for anyone* seeking to undertake collaborative approaches within the disability-policy space (and beyond). *Those most interested might include Disability advocacy groups, or Design and Policy Practitioners. Methods used: Collaborative Design methods and frameworks such as co-design, co-production, participatory design. What did we learn? 'Inclusion' begins with the smallest step. Much of the literature surrounding collaborative design speaks to 'mindsets' and 'principles'. This work argues that small actions are a pathway to inclusion and the growth of such mindsets.
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    The social construction of housing tenure in Aotearoa New Zealand, 1900 to 1990 : crisis, place, and the path to a dual tenure regime : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geography at Massey University, Manawatū, Aotearoa New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2023) Ryland, Daniel Brian
    Over the 20th Century and beyond there have been repeated urban housing crises which have negatively impacted the welfare of many households. Discussions and solutions for these crises have centred on binaries of homeownership and renting or State versus market within a pre-determined housing trajectory. However, the academic housing literature has argued for a more nuanced view of tenure to engage with housing effectively. This thesis aims to contribute to this project by exploring Aotearoa New Zealand’s pathway toward a dual tenure regime. I explore tenure as a relational concept created by the intersection of economic, legal, and cultural dimensions in place and across time. Exploring tenure beyond broad categorisations emphasises the need to imagine it differently. I used document analysis drawing on Parliamentary debates, political cartoons, archival documents, newspapers, statistics, and community organisation reports. They were analysed with a social constructivist approach inspired by a critical realism lens to explore the interdependence of tenure, place, and housing crisis. A core feature is that housing crises necessitating solutions drive tenure change. To explore Aotearoa New Zealand’s pathway to a dual tenure regime, I focused on the social construction of tenure during three housing crises. I argue that Aotearoa New Zealand’s dual tenure regime valorising freehold ownership with an individual title over other tenure options took shape over the 20th Century. Housing policy and economic decisions in the first quarter of the century to deal with housing crises embedded freehold ownership with an individual title as the most desirable tenure and end point of a housing trajectory. These would be reinforced through later housing crises as the social construction of tenure created opportunities and constraints for housing. By 1990, tenures were understood through their relation to freehold with an individual title and how they fit within a pre-defined housing trajectory, limiting the ability to experiment with other tenure forms. The thesis concludes that tenure needs to be imagined holistically as a multiply-determined, dynamic, and relational concept intertwined with crises, and that the latter can highlight opportunities to imagine other tenures.
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    Hosting and the normative presence of Christmas in older people’s lives
    (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2024-04-24) Mansvelt J
    Despite the economic and cultural significance of Christmas in many nations, there has been relatively little geographical research on how it shapes people’s socialities, spatialities, and subjectivities. In this paper, practice theory was used to reflect on the materials, meanings, and competencies associated with older people who host the celebration at home, and thematic analysis of qualitative interviews with 20 individuals aged 65+ explored participants’ experiences of doing so. Findings reveal that homes’ material forms affect older people’s ability to host, while the ‘stuff’ of Christmas such as decorations, special foods, or gifts shape those homes as festive and welcoming places. Food sourcing and preparation were critical competencies for female participants, and shifting capacities to be a host influenced participants’ sense of autonomy and identity. Regardless of the extent to which participants celebrated Christmas, the meanings of hosting centred on social connection, contribution, and shoring up family. Choosing not to host or being unable to contribute in expected ways at Christmas could signify failure, exclusion, or incapability as an older person, parent, or citizen. Examining these issues in the case study, based in Aotearoa/New Zealand, reveals the existence and effects of the social expectations, norms, and obligations that typify Christmas. More broadly, the study highlights the need for geographers to attend to the ways in which celebrations shape and are shaped by diverse practices, places, and peoples and are assembled, reproduced, and resisted.
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    Beverage consumption in Auckland primary school children : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2019) Smirk, Emma
    Background: The New Zealand (NZ) Ministry of Health advises that plain water and plain low-fat milk should be consumed daily and that if children are to drink sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) they should be limited. The latest comprehensive NZ beverage intake data in 8 to 12 year old children was published in 2008, however, fizzy drink intake data is updated annually. This means that NZ is lacking a full picture of children’s beverage consumption. SSB intake has been associated with weight gain in some studies. However, most of these studies calculate adiposity using body mass index (BMI) and few measure body fat percentage (BF%). International and limited national evidence has identified home availability, parental encouragement, socioeconomic status, and knowledge in children as factors associated with SSB intake. Many NZ schools have become ‘water-only’ schools (WOS) to try to reduce SSB consumption. Aim: To investigate beverage consumption in 8 to 12 year old Auckland primary school children. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated beverage intake and associated factors using self-administered questionnaires. SSB consumption measurements consisted of 17 types of beverages, and different combinations of these. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Chi squared and Mann-Whitney tests were used to examine the associations between SSB consumption and the factors associated with it. Results: Children (n=695, 9.9±0.7 years, 44.8% male) were recruited from 6 schools (4 WOS). Plain water and plain milk were consumed less than once per day by 11.6% and 54.7% of the children, respectively. Soft drink and fruit juice were consumed more than once per week by 30.6% and 39% of the children, respectively. SSBs (p<0.001), including fruit juice (p=0.021), had a positive relationship with BF% in girls. There was an increased likelihood of consuming beverages at least once per week if they were usually available at home. Receiving a lot of encouragement for healthy beverage intake from parents or school had an inverse relationship with SBB intake (p<0.001). Low socioeconomic status was inversely associated with SSB intake (p<0.001). WOS had a higher consumption of SSBs compared to non-WOS (p<0.001). Conclusions: Too many children in this cohort were not meeting the NZ Ministry of Health recommendations for plain water and milk consumption. Thus, they may benefit from increasing their intake, whilst decreasing their SSB intake. If parents limited SSB home availability and encouraged intake of healthy beverages it may contribute to a decrease in their children’s SSB consumption. Our findings support a recommendation to include fruit juice in any public health actions to discourage SSB consumption. More research is needed to assess school water-only policies and their effect on SSB consumption.