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    First report of a papillomavirus-induced viral plaque in the mouth of a dog
    (John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of ESVD and ACVD, 2025-05-15) Munday JS; Hobson P; Bell CM
    Canis familiaris papillomavirus type 16 was amplified from a mass in the mouth of a dog. The mass was histologically consistent with a pigmented viral plaque. This is the first report of an oral viral plaque in a dog. Histological investigation is essential to allow differentiation from an oral melanoma.
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    Medication compliance by cat owners prescribed treatment for home administration.
    (Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine., 2025-01-11) Odom TF; Riley CB; Benschop J; Hill KE
    BACKGROUND: Most veterinary literature examining medication compliance has described the phenomenon in dogs. The evidence available regarding factors affecting cat owner medication compliance is limited. OBJECTIVES: Identify and describe factors associated with cat owners' noncompliance with veterinary recommendations for pet medications, as well as client-reported barriers and aids to administering medications prescribed by primary care veterinarians. SUBJECTS: Cat owners presenting their animals for veterinary examination and treatment. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of cat owners' compliance with veterinary medication recommendations was performed from January 9, 2019, to July 18, 2020. A convenience sample of owners prescribed medication for their pets by veterinarians during or after elective veterinary examination was recruited to respond to questions regarding medication administration experience and compliance. Follow-up was obtained from owners to determine if the course of medication had been completed. Compliance data were analyzed descriptively, and logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: Medication noncompliance was recorded for 39% (26/66) of cat owners. A quarter (16/66) reported challenges in administering medication to their pets; the most commonly cited reason was a resistant pet. Oral administration of antibiotics was significantly associated with noncompliance (P = .01). Clients with limited pet ownership experience were less likely to be noncompliant (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Clients' inability to medicate their cats PO may have implications for clinical outcomes and antimicrobial stewardship. Alternatives to direct PO administration of solid-form medications in cats should be considered. Demonstrating administration techniques to all clients may improve compliance and influence clinical outcome.
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    The nutritional status of long-term Home Enteral Nutrition (HEN) patients of Te Whatu Ora Counties Manukau : a focus on energy, macronutrients, vitamin D, and selenium : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2024) Soljan, Emma
    Background: Good nutritional status is important for well-being and reduced morbidity and mortality risk and pressure on healthcare systems. Despite being under the care of dietitians, home enteral nutrition (HEN) patients may be at risk of malnutrition and macro- and micronutrient deficiencies. It is important to understand the nutritional status of these patients to recommend appropriate feeding and nutrient monitoring practices. Aim: To investigate the nutritional status (energy, macronutrients, vitamin D, selenium) of long-term home enteral nutrition (HEN) patients in Counties Manukau, New Zealand to determine the prevalence of malnutrition. Methods: Data were collected from 42 long-term (≥4 weeks) HEN patients (18+ years) under the care of Te Whatu Ora Counties Manukau. Enteral and oral intake were collected through 5 x 24-hour recalls and compared against patients’ prescriptions and estimated requirements (energy, macronutrients, vitamin D, selenium). Clinical signs of deficiency were assessed with a physical assessment (n=40), and nutritional biomarkers from a blood sample (n=22). Body composition was measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (n=29). Malnutrition prevalence was determined by the Global Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Data were described by mean ± SD, geometric mean (95% confidence intervals), median (interquartile range), and frequencies. Independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square tests were used to compare data by feeding route and prescription adherence. Results: Malnutrition prevalence was 62.5% (n=25). Prevalence of low BMI and fat free mass index (FFMI) was 47.5% and 44.8% respectively. Mean body mass index (BMI) (21.1 ± 3.6 kg/m²) was low but normal. Fat and/or muscle wasting occurred in at least 35%. Energy and/or protein intake was inadequate in 20% (n=8). Mean plasma vitamin D (143.55 ± 55.35 nmol/L) and selenium (1.37 ± 0.19 µmol/L) were within range with no evidence of deficiency, serum/plasma concentrations were high in 40% and 38.1% respectively. Mean vitamin D intake (13.2 ± 5.3 µg) was low in 26.2% (n=11) but met requirements for all age groups except ≥70 years. Mean selenium intake (95.0 ± 28.1 µg) was low in 7.1% (n=3) but met requirements for all. There were significant differences in nutritional status measures by feeding route and/or prescription adherence. Conclusions: Many HEN patients had poor energy and protein status but maintained good vitamin D and selenium status. Adjustments to feeding practices regarding energy and protein, and more frequent monitoring of malnutrition may be beneficial for prevention of morbidity and mortality.