Browsing by Author "Cohen S"

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    Evaluation of insensibility in humane slaughter of teleost fish including the use of electroencephalogram with a case study on farmed barramundi (Lates calcarifer)
    (Elsevier B V, 2024-09-15) Wahltinez SJ; Cohen S; Hardy-Smith P; Huynh C; Kells N
    Humane slaughter methods for fish are an important facet of responsible farming practice that can both minimise animal distress and improve product quality. In addition, consumers are increasingly demanding good welfare across all phases of farmed animal production, including at slaughter. As a result, many intergovernmental organisations, government bodies, and third-party certification schemes now include fish slaughter practices in their legislation, guidelines, and audit schemes. In order to be considered humane, slaughter methods should not be aversive to the fish and should result in rapid insensibility without recovery of consciousness prior to death. Where the act of slaughter does not cause immediate loss of sensibility, this should be preceded by an effective stunning method that induces rapid insensibility that is maintained until death. However, determining when fish are insensible is challenging. The effective evaluation of insensibility and stunning is important to prevent any suffering or distress that might occur when invasive killing methods, such as bleeding or evisceration, are used. Insensibility may be assessed using observable indicators such as fish behaviour, or objectively through measuring brain activity using electroencephalography. There is concern that observable indicators, such as opercular movement, righting responses, and spontaneous movement, may not be reliable signs of insensibility. It is therefore important to validate these observable indicators using objective measures, which can determine when electrical changes in the brain occur that indicate insensibility. Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) are an important aquaculture species that are farmed worldwide. Currently, this species is usually slaughtered by ice slurry immersion, a practice which has raised welfare concerns in other fish species. The objectives of this review are to provide background on current slaughter methods used for teleost fish, to summarise the methods used to evaluate insensibility in fish at stunning and slaughter, and to describe the current practices and future directions for the slaughter of farmed barramundi.
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    How Reproducible are Surface Areas Calculated from the BET Equation?
    (Wiley-VCH GmbH, 2022-05-23) Osterrieth JWM; Rampersad J; Madden D; Rampal N; Skoric L; Connolly B; Allendorf MD; Stavila V; Snider JL; Ameloot R; Marreiros J; Ania C; Azevedo D; Vilarrasa-Garcia E; Santos BF; Bu X-H; Chang Z; Bunzen H; Champness NR; Griffin SL; Chen B; Lin R-B; Coasne B; Cohen S; Moreton JC; Colón YJ; Chen L; Clowes R; Coudert F-X; Cui Y; Hou B; D'Alessandro DM; Doheny PW; Dincă M; Sun C; Doonan C; Huxley MT; Evans JD; Falcaro P; Ricco R; Farha O; Idrees KB; Islamoglu T; Feng P; Yang H; Forgan RS; Bara D; Furukawa S; Sanchez E; Gascon J; Telalović S; Ghosh SK; Mukherjee S; Hill MR; Sadiq MM; Horcajada P; Salcedo-Abraira P; Kaneko K; Kukobat R; Kenvin J; Keskin S; Kitagawa S; Otake K-I; Lively RP; DeWitt SJA; Llewellyn P; Lotsch BV; Emmerling ST; Pütz AM; Martí-Gastaldo C; Padial NM; García-Martínez J; Linares N; Maspoch D; Suárez Del Pino JA; Moghadam P; Oktavian R; Morris RE; Wheatley PS; Navarro J; Petit C; Danaci D; Rosseinsky MJ; Katsoulidis AP; Schröder M; Han X; Yang S; Serre C; Mouchaham G; Sholl DS; Thyagarajan R; Siderius D; Snurr RQ; Goncalves RB; Telfer S; Lee SJ; Ting VP; Rowlandson JL; Uemura T; Iiyuka T; van der Veen MA; Rega D; Van Speybroeck V; Rogge SMJ; Lamaire A; Walton KS; Bingel LW; Wuttke S; Andreo J; Yaghi O; Zhang B; Yavuz CT; Nguyen TS; Zamora F; Montoro C; Zhou H; Kirchon A; Fairen-Jimenez D
    Porosity and surface area analysis play a prominent role in modern materials science. At the heart of this sits the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) theory, which has been a remarkably successful contribution to the field of materials science. The BET method was developed in the 1930s for open surfaces but is now the most widely used metric for the estimation of surface areas of micro- and mesoporous materials. Despite its widespread use, the calculation of BET surface areas causes a spread in reported areas, resulting in reproducibility problems in both academia and industry. To prove this, for this analysis, 18 already-measured raw adsorption isotherms were provided to sixty-one labs, who were asked to calculate the corresponding BET areas. This round-robin exercise resulted in a wide range of values. Here, the reproducibility of BET area determination from identical isotherms is demonstrated to be a largely ignored issue, raising critical concerns over the reliability of reported BET areas. To solve this major issue, a new computational approach to accurately and systematically determine the BET area of nanoporous materials is developed. The software, called "BET surface identification" (BETSI), expands on the well-known Rouquerol criteria and makes an unambiguous BET area assignment possible.