Browsing by Author "Garg ML"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Bioactive Yoghurt Containing Curcumin and Chlorogenic Acid Reduces Inflammation in Postmenopausal Women
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-11-02) Ahmed Nasef N; Thota RN; Mutukumira AN; Rutherfurd-Markwick K; Dickens M; Gopal P; Singh H; Garg ML; Bordoni A
    Menopause is marked by a gradual and permanent decrease of estrogen from the ovaries, leading to metabolic and physiological changes in the body. Combined with increased body mass index, postmenopausal women have elevated systemic inflammation and metabolic disturbances leading to increased risk of developing chronic diseases. A bioactive coconut yoghurt containing curcumin and chlorogenic acid was developed with the potential to target inflammatory processes. In this randomized crossover study, healthy postmenopausal women with a BMI of 25-40 were recruited to consume 125 g of either the bioactive or placebo yoghurt. Blood samples were collected at baseline, 30 min, and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h postprandially. Plasma inflammatory markers (TNFα and IL6) and metabolic markers (triglycerides, insulin and glucose) were measured. Participants had significantly lower plasma TNFα Cmax after consumption of the bioactive yoghurt compared to placebo (mean difference = 0.3 pg/mL; p = 0.04). Additionally, plasma TNFα was significantly lower postprandially compared to baseline after consumption of the bioactive yogurt but not the placebo. No differences were observed in the metabolic markers measured. Conclusions: The bioactive yoghurt fortified with curcumin and chlorogenic acid has the potential to reduce inflammatory mediators; however, a larger and longer-term study is required to confirm these findings.
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    Differential effects of saturated and n-6 PUFA on blood lipids when co-administered with n-3 PUFA
    (Elsevier, 12/12/2014) Dias CB; Wood LG; Garg ML
    Background/Aims: The influence of diets rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA) or n-6PUFA in modulating blood lipid levels remains unclear. Recently we hypothesised that the lipemic effects of saturated fats are dependent on n-3PUFA status. This study aimed to examine the effects of consuming diets rich in SFA or n-6PUFA when co-administered with marine n-3PUFA. Methods: This was a randomised, controlled, parallel, dietary intervention trial involving 16 healthy adults aged 18 to 65 years. Subjects consumed a diet high in either SFA or n-6PUFA, each supplemented with 2.4g n-3PUFA daily for 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast, at baseline and post-intervention, for analysis of blood lipid profile. Results: A reduction in plasma triglyceride levels was noted post-intervention, which was similar following consumption of the SFA+n-3PUFA or the n-6PUFA+n-3PUFA diets (28% versus 27% respectively). The SFA diet caused a significant rise in LDL (P=0.043) and HDL-cholesterol (P=0.05), while the n-6PUFA had no effect on LDL or HDL-cholesterol levels. Total/HDL-cholesterol or LDL/HDL-cholesterol ratios were not significantly different post-intervention for either of the diets. The change in total/HDL-cholesterol or LDL/HDL-cholesterol ratios following SFA diet was also similar to those on n-6PUFA diet. Conclusions: Dietary SFA and n-6PUFA differentially modulates plasma lipid profile when co-administered with n-3PUFA. The mechanism and consequence of concomitant increase in HDL and LDL-cholesterol following saturated fat consumption in association with n-3PUFA are worthy of further examination. Funding source(s): CBD was supported by a scholarship from the Coordenação Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Brazil.
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    Significance of Postprandial Insulin and Triglycerides to Evaluate the Metabolic Response of Composite Meals Differing in Nutrient Composition - A Randomized Cross-Over Trial.
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2022-03-02) Thota RN; Moughan PJ; Singh H; Garg ML; Fetissov SO
    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: GlucoTRIG, based on postprandial plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations, has been recently developed as a novel index to determine the postprandial metabolic response to the meals. This study aimed to test GlucoTRIG as a measure for ranking composite meals for their metabolic effects. METHODS: In a randomized cross-over trial, healthy adult volunteers (both males and females; n = 10 for each meal) consumed three is caloric (2000 kj) test meals (meal 1, meal 2, meal 3) of varying macronutrient composition. Postmeal consumption, venous blood samples were collected to determine plasma insulin and plasma triglycerides for estimating the GlucoTRIG value using (Triglycerides180min × Insulin180min) - (Triglycerides0min × Insulin0min). RESULTS: The GlucoTRIG values differed significantly (p = 0.0085) across meals. The statistical significance remains even after adjusting for confounding variables such as baseline diet, insulin, and triglycerides. The meal (M3) with a high fiber, low total fat content and containing less refined foods (fruits, beans, vegetables, plain yogurt) exhibited a significantly (p = 0.007) lower GlucoTRIG value (10 ± 7.7) compared to the other two meals, M1 (77 ± 19.8) and M2 (38 ± 12.1) which contained low processed foods, and were relatively high in fat and low in fiber meals. No statistically significant differences were observed between M1 and M2 meal. CONCLUSIONS: GlucoTRIG is a physiologically based index that may be useful to rank composite meals for reducing the risk of metabolic diseases. Further research focusing on the application of GlucoTRIG to foods, meals, and diets is warranted. ACTRN12619000973112 (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ANZCTR).
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    Therapeutic Potential of Mitophagy-Inducing Microflora Metabolite, Urolithin A for Alzheimer's Disease
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-11) Jayatunga DPW; Hone E; Khaira H; Lunelli T; Singh H; Guillemin GJ; Fernando B; Garg ML; Verdile G; Martins RN; Giannakopoulos P
    Mitochondrial dysfunction including deficits of mitophagy is seen in aging and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Apart from traditionally targeting amyloid beta (Aβ), the main culprit in AD brains, other approaches include investigating impaired mitochondrial pathways for potential therapeutic benefits against AD. Thus, a future therapy for AD may focus on novel candidates that enhance optimal mitochondrial integrity and turnover. Bioactive food components, known as nutraceuticals, may serve as such agents to combat AD. Urolithin A is an intestinal microbe-derived metabolite of a class of polyphenols, ellagitannins (ETs). Urolithin A is known to exert many health benefits. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-Aβ, and pro-mitophagy properties are increasingly recognized. However, the underlying mechanisms of urolithin A in inducing mitophagy is poorly understood. This review discusses the mitophagy deficits in AD and examines potential molecular mechanisms of its activation. Moreover, the current knowledge of urolithin A is discussed, focusing on its neuroprotective properties and its potential to induce mitophagy. Specifically, this review proposes potential mechanisms by which urolithin A may activate and promote mitophagy.