Browsing by Author "Kelly S"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
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    A General Math Anxiety Measure
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-06) Kelly S; Croucher SM; Kim KY; Permyakova T; Turdubaeva E; Rocker KT; Eskiçorapçı N; Stanalieva G; Orunbekov B; Rimkeeratikul S; Jameson MM
    Math anxiety is a psychological burden that can hinder individuals across their lifetimes. However, the current literature lacks a valid measure of math anxiety that can be used across instructional modalities and among non-student populations. As such, it is difficult to assess math anxiety in virtual learning environments, track math anxiety across lifetimes, or determine the utility of math anxiety inoculations for non-student populations. This study presents a validity portfolio for a generalized math anxiety measure that can be used across teaching modalities, across lifetimes, and is simple enough to be used cross-culturally. The measure yielded evidence of validity when used in all tested samples: the United States (student and non-student samples), New Zealand (student and non-student samples), Kyrgyzstan (non-student sample), Turkey (non-student sample), Russia (non-student sample), and Thailand (non-student sample). The data support the use of the new math anxiety measure free of context.
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    A longitudinal analysis of communication traits: communication apprehension, willingness to communicate, and self-perceived communication competence
    (Taylor and Francis Group, 2024) Croucher SM; Kelly S; Nguyen T; Rocker K; Yotes T; Cullinane J
    This longitudinal study assessed the communication apprehension, willingness to communicate, and self-perceived communication competence for a group of participants across a 15-year span. In total, 220 of 237 participants completed the 15-year project. The data represent six time points, with data collections happening once every three years. The results show that meeting communication apprehension, dyadic communication apprehension, public communication apprehension, willingness to communicate, and self-perceived communication competence all changed across time, indicating these traditionally thought of trait-like variables behaved more as state-like characteristics. Group communication apprehension did not change over time, indicating it may be more trait-like than state like. Results are limited by evidence of poor temporal stability for the public communication apprehension, self-perceived communication competence, and willingness to communicate measures.
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    Conflict styles within individualistic, low power distance, and low context nations: a four nation comparison
    (Taylor and Francis Group on behalf of the Eastern Communication Association, 2024-08-29) Croucher SM; Kelly S; Ashwell D; Condon SM
    This study compared conflict styles approaches of four nations with similar cultural dimensions. Prior literature assumes similar cultural dimensions produce similar approaches to conflict. Four nations were examined: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. Results reveal the conflict approaches of individuals from these nations differ despite similar cultural dimensions. In addition, the four nations scored relatively high on solution-oriented approaches to conflict (integrating and compromising). This is the first study to compare conflict styles across traditionally individualistic, low-context, independent self-construal, and low power distance nations.
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    Cross-cultural Issues on Organizational Dissent and Humor Orientation
    (Korean Association for Business Communication, 31/07/2018) Croucher S; Kelly S; Chen H
    Organizational dissent is the expression of disagreement or contradictory opinions concerning organizational policies and practices (Kassing, 1998). It is an important form of communication because employees can give feedback to organizations regarding discontent and unethical practices. Thus, dissent provides organizations opportunities for improvement and innovation. Managers, however, often fail to recognize and respond to employees’ upward dissent. While power differences in organizations stifle communication, humor can be used as a form of dissent and a means to subvert power differences (Holmes & Marra, 2002). Research has explored organizational dissent in the United States. These results, however, cannot be applied to other contexts, as cultural differences should be considered when exploring communication (McCroskey & McCroskey, 1988). Thus, this analysis provides the following: First, this analysis provides a theoretical understanding of how humor and dissent relate to one another. Second, this analysis considers this relationship in divergent cultural contexts.
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    Cross-cultural measurement validation: an analysis of dissent, workplace freedom of speech, and perceived immediacy
    (Taylor and Francis Group on behalf of the Eastern Communication Association, 2024-03-12) Croucher SM; Kelly S; Ashwell D; Condon S; Tootell B
    Croucher and Kelly (2019) laid out guidelines to develop measures that can be used across cultures. The present study provides support for their guidelines, indicating that pancultural measurements cannot be behavioral and should not include unnecessary contexts; however, they should be worded as simplistically as possible. This study utilizes measures of dissent, perceived immediacy, and workplace freedom of speech in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. Only the perceived immediacy measure, which follows Croucher and Kelly’s (2019) guidelines, maintained internal consistency.
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    Does student sampling impact our understanding of argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness?
    (Taylor and Francis Group on behalf of the American Forensic Association, 2024-08-17) Croucher SM; Kelly S; Elers P; Jackson K; Nguyen T
    Student samples are regularly used in research. While student samples are convenient and easy to access, the use of such samples has been criticized for exposing theories and research to internal validity threats, as students are not representative of the general population. Using argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness as contexts for analysis, this study explores the extent to which student and non-student samples differ in published empirical research. We found that in the case of the original verbal aggression and argumentativeness measures, sample type did not moderate the means among argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness studies. We discuss the implications of these findings in terms of student vs. non-student samples.
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    Exposure to Traumatic Events and Shame in Adolescent Surf Lifesavers: An Australian Perspective
    (Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2024-10-10) Fien S; Lawes JC; Ledger J; de Terte I; Drummond M; Simon P; Joseph N; Daw S; Kelly S; Hillman W; Stanton R; Best T
    Emergency service personnel experience high levels of psychological distress, with increasing evidence of associations with shame and trauma. Additionally, adolescence is a critical time in social and cognitive development, in which shame plays an important role. In Australia, adolescent volunteer surf lifesavers (SLS) are particularly vulnerable due to exposure to potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs) such as rescues and resuscitation of human lives. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between direct or indirect PTEs, and the relationship PTSS and shame may have in adolescent surf lifesavers. This cross-sectional study surveyed patrolling adolescent SLS, aged 13–17 years, recruited via internal communications and social media groups. Complete responses from patrolling adolescents (n = 118; 59% female; mean age 15.4 years) were used to determine exposure to PTEs across global, direct, and within SLS trauma domains. Associations between demographics, PTEs, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), with shame as a moderator were assessed for each trauma domain. PTEs and PTSS were positively associated across trauma domains. Shame was identified as a significant predictor of PTSS and as an important moderator of PTSS for experiences within SLSA, but not global or direct trauma. By exploring links between PTEs, PTSS, and shame, these findings contribute to the development of strategies and interventions for adolescents during stressful times. Responsiveness to adolescents via feedback and genuine, reassuring relationships that acknowledge the complexity of coping with stressful situations, may be potentially effective approaches to support coping with experiences of shame following PTE’s in adolescent surf lifesavers.
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    Impact of high- and low-flow nebulized saline on airway hydration and mucociliary transport
    (European Respiratory Society, 2023) Kelly S; Valentine M; Chua WH; Tatkov S
    BACKGROUND: Nebulised drugs, including osmotic agents and saline, are increasingly used during noninvasive respiratory support, including nasal high-flow therapy. The authors conducted an in vitro study to compare the hydration effect of nebulised isotonic 0.9% and hypertonic 7.0% saline on mucociliary transport. METHODS: In a perfused organ bath, 10 sheep tracheas were exposed to 7.5 mL nebulised 0.9% and 7.0% saline entrained into heated (38°C) and humidified air delivered at high and low flow (20 and 7 L·min-1, respectively). Simultaneous measurements of the airway surface liquid height, mucus transport velocity, cilia beat frequency and surface temperature were made over time. The data are presented as mean±sd. RESULTS: The airway surface liquid height increased significantly with both 0.9% and 7.0% saline: at low-flow by 37.2±10.0 µm and 152.7±10.9 µm, respectively, and at high-flow by 62.3±5.6 µm and 163.4±25.4 µm, respectively (p<0.001). Mucus velocity was increased by both 0.9% and 7.0% saline from a baseline of 8.2±0.8 mm·min-1 to 8.8±0.7 mm·min-1 and 17.1±0.5 mm·min-1, respectively, with low-flow and at high-flow to 9.8±0.02 mm·min-1 (p=0.04) and 16.9±0.5 mm·min-1 (p<0.05), respectively. Ciliary beating did not change with 0.9% saline, but declined from 13.1±0.6 Hz to 10.2±0.6 Hz and 11.1±0.6 Hz (p<0.05) with 7.0% saline at low- and high-flow, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate that nebulised isotonic 0.9% saline, like hypertonic 7.0% saline, significantly stimulates basal mucociliary transport, and the use of high-flow delivery had no significantly different hydration effects compared with low-flow delivery. Hypertonic 7.0% saline suppressed ciliary beating, indicating an increase in airway surface liquid osmolarity, which may have negative effects on the airway surface with frequent use.
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    The Importance of Culture and Communication
    (Frontiers Media S.A., 2020-08-19) Croucher SM; Kelly S
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    The influence of water, lanolin, urea, proline, paraffin and fatliquor on collagen D-spacing in leather
    (The Royal Society of Chemistry, 21/08/2017) Sizeland KH; Wells HC; Kelly S; Edmonds RL; Kirby NM; Hawley A; Mudie ST; Ryan TM; Haverkamp RG
    Water interacts with collagen to alter the structure at the fibrillar scale and therefore the mechanical properties of collagen. Humectants or moisturizers also alter the mechanical properties and fibril structure. The nature of these interactions and relationship between the different additives is not well understood. Changes in collagen D-spacing in leather were measured by synchrotron based small angle X-ray scattering in samples stored at various relative humidities and treated with lanolin, fatliquor, urea, proline or paraffin. The D-spacing increased with rising humidity and with increasing lanolin or fatliquor content, but not with treatment with urea, proline or paraffin. Strength increased with the addition of lanolin. Lanolin and fatliquor were shown to act as humectants whereas the other components did not act in this way. The Hofmeister effect is shown not to be a factor in the change in D-spacing, since samples treated with either proline or urea exhibited the same behavior. Different agents used in leather treatment and skin care function by different mechanisms, with collagen water retention being important for some additives but not others.