Conference Papers

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 366
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    6th New Zealand Built Environment Research Symposium 2020 Book of Proceedings
    (Massey University, 20/02/2020) NZBERS; Shahzad, W; Rasheed, E; Rotimi, J
    Transforming New Zealand through innovation and performance improvement
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    A review of practices in precision application of granular fertilisers
    Grafton MCE; Yule I; Manning M; Nelson, W
    There is an implicit assumption in cited literature on precision agriculture (PA) that spreading of fertiliser is performed perfectly in the field leading to uniform application, this is not true. Variation can be large and often the actual performance of spreading equipment used has never been measured or verified. In various countries around the world there are quality assurance (QA) systems designed to achieve a prescribed level of performance. Even within these QA schemes limited testing is undertaken and always under perfect or near perfect conditions. The test methods are designed to establish an acceptable bout width which meets an acceptable evenness of spread if driven accurately. The test does not take into account wind conditions (except for requiring less than 15kmhr-1 for testing), humidity, slope, terrain or the instrumentation to maintain the desired bout width. This paper examines the effect of the farm environment and the physical characteristics of fertilisers on the spread patterns of fertilisers in the field. Fertilisers with heterogeneous particle size distributions proved to have more robust spread patterns under field conditions than those with homogeneous particle size distributions.
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    A review of the use of chicory plantain red clover and white clover in a sward mix for increased sheep and beef production
    (NZ Grassland Association, 2015) Cranston LM; Kenyon PR; Morris ST; Kemp PD
    Many farmers are sowing mixed swards containing chicory (Cichorium intybus), plantain (Plantago lanceolata), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (T. repens) (hereafter termed herb and clover mix). This herb and clover mix has comparable annual dry matter (DM) production to perennial ryegrass white clover pasture (rye/wc), however, it has a different pattern of growth, producing more DM during summer and autumn. The herb and clover mix also has a higher nutritive value and is able to support greater rates of animal production, especially over summer, than rye/ wc in both sheep and cattle. The herb and clover mix is most suited to a rotational grazing interval of 3–4 weeks to an 8 cm residual height, with no winter grazing. When managed appropriately the herb and clover mix is able to persist for at least 2 years and up to 5 years under both sheep and cattle grazing.
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    A Survey of Health and Safety Practice in the Agricultural Sector of New Zealand
    (Association of Industrial Relations Academics of Australia and New Zealand, ) Cullinane J; Pye M; Leggett, C
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    A taxonomy of pedestrian evacuation infrastructure for urban areas; An assessment of resilience towards natural hazards
    (IOP Publishing Ltd, 2022-01-01) Fathianpour A; Jelodar MB; Wilkinson S; Evans B
    Many people in the world live in hazardous environments and are susceptible to disasters. In the time of a destructive event, a resilient community must be prepared to mitigate the event and quickly respond. An effective mitigation plan can lead to fewer fatalities and damages. One of the most critical tasks for mitigation is the evacuation process. Wherein short notice time, overcrowding, bottlenecks in infrastructure and challenging terrain and topography may worsen the situation. Amongst other things, the evacuation process encompasses transportation infrastructures referred to as corridors, signs, pedestrian footpaths, and/or shelter infrastructures for keeping people safe. Evacuation infrastructure can also become damaged after the event; therefore, it's imperative to have a robust assessment of different evacuation infrastructures. This study will investigate the characteristics of the available evacuation infrastructure and outline the general drawbacks. A systematic methodology for reviewing articles has been implemented to understand how vulnerable cities can be more prepared, especially for pedestrian evacuation. An evacuation scoring system for pedestrians will be developed to investigate evacuation infrastructure in terms of different resilience features, such as redundancy, safe to fail, readiness, capacity. The most practical evacuation system will be estimated, with a final output being to provide the features of a successful pedestrian evacuation system for future policy use.
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    A top-down approach for setting climate targets for buildings: The case of a New Zealand detached house
    (IOP Publishing Ltd, 2019-09-05) Chandrakumar C; McLaren SJ; Dowdell D; Jaques R
    Climate change mitigation requires the construction of low/zero-carbon buildings, and this is a challenge for designers. The use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) provides useful information to support eco-efficiency improvements and therefore, to reduce the climate impacts of building designs. However, it does not provide information about whether a proposed design aligns with achieving the global climate target of limiting global warming to below 1.5C or 2C. This study, therefore, introduces an LCA-based top-down approach for setting climate targets for the whole life cycle of buildings in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. It involves assigning a share of the 2C global carbon budget for 2018-2050 to a country, to the construction sector of the country, and finally to a building. The approach includes a stock model that accounts for the projected growth in the number of buildings and associated climate impacts in a country up to 2050. The proposed approach was applied to a detached house in New Zealand, the most common residential building type in the country; it was found that the climate target of a New Zealand detached house over a 90-year lifetime is 71 tCO2eq. This modelling approach has potential to guide designers and other interested stakeholders in development of building designs enabling the building sector to operate within a selected global climate target (such as the 1.5C or 2C target).
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    Achieving SDG 8 for Countries with Entrenched Nurse Migration
    (20/07/2020) Hernandez, M
    The UN Sustainable Development Goal 8 - Decent work and economic growth, talks about promoting sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all. How this could be achieved within the context of entrenched nursing migration in the Philippines remains to be a challenge.
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    Acquisition of forward motion in five-legged robot using GA
    (2006) Uehara, S; Lal, SP; Yamada, K; Endo, S; Teruya, M
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    Acute Evening Consumption of Green Kiwifruit in Young Men Enhances Waking Alertness, Mood and Increases 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid in Urine
    (Medical Sciences Forum, 2022-05-09) Kanon, AP; Giezenaar, C; Roy, NC; McNabb, WC; Henare, S; Brown, R; Mackay, S; Eyles, H; Jalili-Moghaddam, S
    Emerging evidence suggests that consuming two New Zealand green kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward) daily for four weeks may improve sleep quality. The subjective and objective acute responses and underlying physiological responses are unknown. The current study aimed to investigate the acute effects of fresh and dried green kiwifruit compared to a water control on sleep quality and mood measures, and concentration of urinary serotonin and melatonin metabolites. In a randomised, single-blind crossover study, 24 men (age: 29 ± 1 years old, body mass index (BMI): 24 ± 1 kg/m2 ) with either poor or good sleep quality were recruited. They consumed an evening standardised meal with one of three treatments; (i) two fresh green kiwifruit (without skin); (ii) 32 g dried green kiwifruit powder (including the skin; equivalent to two fresh fruit) mixed with water; or (iii) a water control, on three separate nights separated by 6–8 days. The subjective (Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire, Stanford sleepiness scale) and objective (actigraphy) sleep quality, mood (profile of mood states), and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid [5-HIAA] and 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin concentrations in morning urine were determined. In poor sleepers, ease of awakening improved 24% after dried kiwifruit (p = 0.005) and trended to improve after fresh kiwifruit (p = 0.052), compared to the control. Good sleepers trended towards improved ratings of getting to sleep with fresh kiwifruit (p = 0.053) and no improvement after dried (p > 0.1) compared to control. Regardless of sleeper type, compared to control, both fresh and dried kiwifruit treatments trended (p < 0.1) toward improved esteem and total mood disturbances. Furthermore, after dried kiwifruit, ratings of morning alertness (p = 0.012), behaviour following wakening and vigour were higher (p < 0.05) compared to control. Both kiwifruit treatments increased urinary concentrations of the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA (+1.56 ± 0.4 ng/g (fresh) p = 0.001, +1.30 ± 0.4 ng/g (dried) p = 0.004) compared to the control (4.32 ± 0.4 ng/g). This study is the first to demonstrate that a single evening intake of kiwifruit improves aspects of sleep quality and mood.
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    Ageing in place: retirement intentions of New Zealand nurses aged 50+.
    (Victoria University, New Zealand, 8/02/2013) Walker, LA; Clendon, J
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    Ageing in place: The retirement intentions of nurses in New Zealand aged 50 and above
    (Victoria University Wellington, 1/03/2013) Walker, LA; Clendon, J
    Aims: The aim of the Late Career Nurse research project was to determine the characteristics of nurses working in New Zealand who were born before 1960; their experiences in the workplace; their perceptions of their health and their retirement intentions. This paper reports on the retirement intentions of regulated nurses aged over 50 in the New Zealand workforce. Background: The mean ages of registered nurses in New Zealand has been rising steadily, and 40% are now aged fifty or over (Nursing Council New Zealand 2011) While there is a substantial international literature on the phenomenon and consequences of the ageing nursing workforce, it is unknown whether international experience will predict future nurse behaviour in New Zealand, or how this may impact on nursing workforce modelling or planning. Method: An anonymous on-line survey was emailed to eligible NZNO 1 nurse members over 50 years old in February and March 2012. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the 3273 responses received were undertaken. Results/findings: New Zealand nursing age demographics have been confirmed and reflected in the respondents to the survey. In concordance with the international literature, good health, access to flexible working options, safe staffing levels and choice of shifts were all very important to older nurses. Evidence of ageism and a bullying culture towards older nurses was reported. Better pay levels were particularly important to younger late career nurses (age 50-55). Specific to New Zealand, lack of retirement funds may delay retirement, and migration to Australia may exacerbate shortages and skill/experience deficits. Conclusions: The New Zealand nursing workforce will be vulnerable to skill and experience shortages if as indicated in this study, 57.2% of nurses aged over 50 retire within the next 10 years, and around 30% within the next 2-5 years. Adoption of measures to ensure better choice of shifts, and continued access to flexible or decreased hours is required, along with less physically demanding work options and roles that recognise and utilise the knowledge, skills and experience of older nurses. These measures have the potential to enable older nurses to continue to contribute for longer to the workforce, albeit on a more part time basis. Better pay, better rostering and safer staffing levels have the potential particularly to reduce the attrition seen in the early to late fifties, and these are urgently advocated. Longer term, access to better retirement planning and financial advice would decrease a considerable source of distress and reduce the numbers of older nurses for whom continuing to work despite ill health is not an option.
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    Agrifood value chain assessment in developing countries: a case of Indonesia’s cashew sector
    (EDP Sciences, 2021-09-24) Hidayati DR; Garnevska E; Childerhouse P
    A value chain approach is increasingly used in the agrifood sector to help respond to the globalised food system. However, the agrifood value chain in many developing countries faces additional challenges to address any changes regarding the prevalence of smallholder players. Meanwhile, value chain studies are still limited in many developing countries, such as in Indonesia. Therefore, this paper aims to assess agrifood value chain in a developing country context. A qualitative methodology was applied in Indonesia’s cashew sector, specifically in the Sumenep Regency of Madura Island. A value chain mapping tool was used by focusing on governance (vertical-horizontal coordination and information flow) and value addition (safety, quality, and value orientation). The results showed that value chain mapping is a powerful tool to draw the complex interaction within the dynamics between different value chain actors. The exploration in Indonesia’s cashew sector showed that there is a gap in practices between actors in terms of governance and value addition. Therefore, it is recommended that smallholders’ governance participation and value adding activities be improved in order to minimize the gap of practises. The potential follow-up research is to address the maturity level of value chain practice to obtain a rigorous improvement route.
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    Agro-morphological variation of pigmented rice landraces from South Sulawesi grown in a temperate glasshouse of New Zealand
    (IOP Publishing, 2021-07-15) Hanifa AP; Millner J; McGill C; Sjahril R
    The present study is aimed to compare the agro-morphological traits of 15 pigmented rice landraces and two modern rice varieties grown in the same environment. The selected rice were cultivated in a greenhouse of Massey University, New Zealand using a randomised complete block design with five replications. Data collection included agro-morphological observation and measurement. Quantitative data were analysed with analysis of variance, followed with Tukey HSD. Result showed considerable variability in seedling vigour, lodging, plant height, panicle exsertion, panicle thresh ability, spikelet fertility, and maturity among the studied pigmented rice landraces. Panicle exsertion and spikelet fertility indicate plant cope toward environmental change, which was performed better by many landraces than modern varieties. Variability in morphological characteristics was also recorded among tested varieties. Utilisation of the trait diversity can be useful for future breeding programs, which can lead to this crops' improvement, including pest and disease resistance and grain quality research.
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    An assessment tool for seismic strengthening of heritage buildings
    (2016) Pattinson MS; Egbelakin TK
    This research produced a multidisciplinary assessment tool to examine the effectiveness of seismic strengthening designs for heritage buildings. Fifteen one-on-one interviews of a range of experienced industry professionals were conducted using a grounded theory approach. This enabled the framework to be progressively refined throughout the research process. The resulting framework uses qualitative inputs to produce a table and spider graph presentation of the design‟s effectiveness across six assessment categories. These categories include heritage, seismic engineering, feasibility, architectural, services and fire protection, and buildability assessments. The spider graph is able to clearly communicate a design‟s effectiveness to stakeholders with limited technical knowledge. Original features of this study include a multidisciplinary framework that facilitates early collaboration, measures „design performance‟ in relationship to „client priorities‟, provides new assessment principles gleaned from industry knowledge, and provides a tracking tool as the design progresses through each developmental stage. It is hoped that this multidisciplinary framework will promote more successful design solutions via early and effective collaboration among project team members.
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    Analysis of China’s Agri-food Imports In an Extended Gravity Model
    Shakur S; Tang M; Ngo T
    Since 2000, China has changed from a net exporter to a net importer of agri-food products to a point such that food security and agricultural trade balance are a major concern to Chinese authorities. This research estimated the effect of the ten explanatory variables that have impacted on China's accelerated food imports from 19 trading partners over 2000-2014. An extended gravity model that include economic, demographic, geographic factors and China's free trade agreements (FTAs) to 5 commodity groups separately, in addition to an aggregated data to allow a deeper understanding about the topic. Results from the research suggest that they all have varying but significant impacts on China’s agri-food imports. Agri-food imports to China are predicted to increase. For Chinese authorities to concentrate on own agricultural development and cost-effective trade with other
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    Application of absolute sustainability assessment to new zealand residential dwellings
    (IOP Publishing Ltd, 2020-11-20) McLaren SJ; Chandrakumar C; Dowdell D; Bullen L; Jaques R
    One approach to supporting the implementation of sustainable activities by industry sectors is the use of climate targets. Such climate targets have potential to be used in design and rating tools for buildings and to support government regulation for the building and construction sector. In this study, the climate targets for New Zealand residential dwellings were calculated based on assigning the global carbon budget (for limiting temperature increase to 1.5 or 2.0 °C during 2018-2050) to three building typologies: detached, medium-density housing and apartments. These budgets were assigned to the pre-existing and new-built dwellings using building stock projections for the nominated period. Separately, the climate impact of new-built dwellings in each of the three residential typologies were assessed using Life Cycle Assessment methodology. For New Zealand residential buildings, new-built dwellings exceed their 1.5 °C climate targets by a factor of 6.7, 6.8 and 10.9 for detached, medium-density housing, and apartments respectively. For the 2.0 °C climate target, these factors are 4.8, 4.8 and 7.7 for detached, medium-density housing, and apartments respectively. The results show that about two-thirds of the climate impact of residential dwellings for the period 2018-2050 is associated with preexisting dwellings rather than new-builds. The operational energy used for space heating, water heating, lighting and plug loads makes the biggest contribution to the climate impact for all typologies of pre-built residential dwellings. For new-built residential dwellings, both the operational energy and the construction materials/products contribute most of the climate impact.
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    Application of green retrofit technology: A systematic review
    (1/01/2020) Weerasinghe A; Ramachandra T; Rotimi JOB
    Green retrofitting is a valuable approach for upgrading existing buildings towards sustainable performances. However, the lack of knowledge about the true cost effects and potential savings of green retrofits distracts building proprietors from paying those retrofits. Therefore, the current study reviewed fourteen studies available in the extant literature and identified twenty-eight different green retrofits incorporated into various buildings with their cost effects and saving potentials through a subsequent desktop study. The results indicated that the majority of green retrofits offer savings related to energy consumption, CO2 emissions, cooling load, and operating costs. Moreover, energy-saving lighting modifications are widely done in most buildings, while solar collectors, photovoltaics, and low-emission double glazing are used less often due to the long payback period and increased cost of implementation. Alternatively, the use of retrofits with lower costs and high savings, like BMS, lighting controllers, and boiler efficiency improvements, offsets the above setbacks. Furthermore, the highlighted retrofits include green roofing, bicycle parks, CO2 sensors, and air tightening retrofits, which also save energy. Rainwater harvesting absorbs carbon dioxide and runoff water, where implementing subsystem-level water meters, appliances with low flow rates, and greywater recycling save and recycle the portable water. Accordingly, the study promotes the effective implementation of green retrofits in future buildings.