Massey Documents by Type
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Item ‘All Four Engines Have Failed’: A qualitative study of the health impacts, reactions and behaviours of passengers and crew onboard flight BA009 which flew through a volcanic ash cloud in 1982(Elsevier Ltd, 2025-06-15) Meach R; Horwell CJ; de Terte IThis study investigated the experiences, health impacts and behaviours of passengers and crew onboard British Airways flight BA009 which flew through a volcanic ash cloud from Mount Galunggung, Indonesia, in 1982. In addition to secondary data sources, including a book published by one of the passengers, 18 semi-structured interviews were completed (14 passengers, 2 flight crew and 2 cabin crew) which were video recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to examine the experiences, behaviours, and actions of those onboard, and the health impacts of exposure to volcanic emissions. Our analysis identified five key themes which explain how people onboard flight BA009 responded: 1) Responsibility, 2) Airmanship and prior knowledge of aviation, 3) Upbringing and cultural background, 4) Faith and 5) Behaviour of the crew. Our study found few physical health impacts associated with the exposure to the ‘smoke’ and, despite individual cases of distress, there was no mass panic onboard the aircraft. Our findings highlight valuable information on passenger and crew behaviour in aviation crises, the risks of volcanic ash clouds to aviation, and have practical implications for aviation disaster management, planning and communication.Item Aviation pollution, tourism, and economic development: A study of the EKC hypothesis at regional level(Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2024-09-30) Ngo T; Tsui WHK; Nguyen HThis study aimed to revisit the relationship between aviation pollution, tourism, and economic development i.e., the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), particularly at the regional level, using New Zealand as a case study. Our study is the first to estimate the aviation pollution at regional airports (in New Zealand) and use them as proxy for the regional pollution in an EKC setting. We found evidence that the EKC exists at the regional level, where tourism and economic development helps improve the regional environment in the long run. It suggests that the environment policy should be tailored at regional rather than just at the national level. It also proposes a new approach for EKC studies at the regional level via the new pollution estimation. Among others, we found that the sustainable tourism policy has, and will, work well in New Zealand.Item Extended reality (xR) flight simulators as an adjunct to traditional flight training methods: a scoping review(Springer Nature on behalf of the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., 2023-10-20) Ross G; Gilbey AOver the next 20 years, it is predicted that an additional 760,000 new pilots will be needed to meet the growing demands of the global aviation industry. With current training capability, this may be difficult to achieve. A potential means of improving the efficiency and lowering the cost of flight training, which arguably may be prohibitively expensive to many potential trainee pilots, is to use extended reality simulation in place of traditional flight simulators and aircraft for at least some of the required training. To provide a better understanding of the possibilities in this regard, and where current research has advanced, a scoping review was undertaken. In total, 18 studies were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. It was concluded that extended reality technology has the potential to be successfully employed in flight training—saving time and money, whilst also enabling increased training capability, although some potential limitations were identified. The interest in this technology, combined with evidence pointing to its potential usefulness in flight training, suggests that further examination in this area by academia and industry is warranted.Item Pilot Career Progression in New Zealand(2018-11-30) Griffin D; Murrie AThe “Pilot Career Progression Survey” was distributed via social media and email to NZALPA members, former students of New Zealand-based flight training organisations and other organisations in New Zealand in July 2018, Its focus was on identifying the motivations and interests of individuals pursuing a career as commercial pilots, the information they used to make decisions about their training and career, and training experiences and costs. In particular, the survey examined individuals’ employment history within the aviation industry, seeking to build a more detailed picture of the steps pilots take and the pitfalls they encounter in pursuit of an aviation career.Item Flight simulator transfer of training study : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Aviation at Massey University(Massey University, 2003) House, Richard MarkThe purpose of this research was to investigate the training effectiveness of two different flight simulators, when student pilots enrolled in a university aviation degree course were trained to fly an instrument holding procedure. A PC-based simulator and an approved instrument simulator were used to teach two experimental groups to fly a Non-directional Beacon (NDB) holding instrument procedure. Their time to reach proficiency and their flight performance in a Cessna 172SP aircraft was compared to a control group that was trained solely in the aircraft. A Pre-flight Questionnaire was used to establish the participants' previous PC-based simulator experience and their current attitudes towards their use. Flight data was recorded to determine the participants' performance when flying the NDB holding pattern in the aircraft and the resulting flight times were used to determine the Percent Transfer and Transfer Effectiveness Ratio (TER) of the approved instrument simulator and the PC-based simulator. The Cost Benefit equation was used to determine the financial savings resulting from the use of these simulators. A Post-flight Questionnaire was used to determine the flight instructor's opinion of the participants' flight performance when flying the NDB holding pattern. The results of this study were unable to confirm significant differences between the two experimental simulator groups and the aircraft control group, however there were indications that prior training in a simulator reduced flight time to criterion and there was a small but positive Percent Transfer and TER. The Cost Benefit analysis revealed that there was generally a negative cost benefit as a result of the small TERs and the relatively close operational cost of the aircraft and simulators. The study concluded that although the transfer of training effects of the simulators were small, they were still a positive indication of what PC-based simulators and approved instrument simulators are capable of as computer technology continues to improve. The study recommended that further research using PC-based simulators to train complicated instrument procedures is required with a larger sample size.Item The role of experience in the susceptibility to confirmation bias in pilots : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand(Massey University, 2012) Rowntree, JaimeConfirmation bias refers to the tendency of an individual to prioritise and seek out evidence that confirms their theory or hypothesis and avoid or place little importance on disconfirming information. In the field of aviation, confirmation bias can have disastrous consequences and has been implicated in several aviation disasters. Despite the potentially fatal consequences, little research has systematically explored the underlying causes of confirmation bias in pilots. The following research examined the role of experience in the susceptibility to confirmation bias in pilots utilising an aviation themed location discovery task. To assess the relationship between flying experience and susceptibility to confirmation bias, 53 participants (23 non-pilots with no prior flying experience, 13 novice pilots with between 0-200 hours of logged flight time, and 17 experienced pilots with between 220-15000 hours of logged flight time) were asked to complete an online map-based location discovery task, which required participants to imagine that they were unsure of their location in four aviation themed scenarios. They then had to select, out of three features given, which feature would be the most useful for helping them to decide on their current location. Two out of the three features provided incorrect confirming (positive) tests of the pilot’s hypothesised location and one feature provided the correct disconfirming (negative) test of their hypothesised location. Results indicated that overall, participants primarily utilised a hypothesis-confirming strategy on the task. No relationship between experience and a participant’s susceptibility to confirmation bias was identified. A thematic analysis of the comments provided by participants was completed, which illustrated that participants were fairly consistent in the decision-making strategy that they used when reasoning about their location across each of the four scenarios. Interestingly, non-pilots and novice pilots primarily utilised a hypothesis-confirming approach most regularly in their feature selection. By contrast, it appears that the experienced pilot group primarily utilised a strategy that favoured the selection of manufactured objects and large objects. Future research should focus on discovering the mechanisms underlying confirmation bias and the identification of groups of people who are less susceptible to it. This information can then be used to create a model of confirmation bias outlining interventions that can be used to reduce or eliminate its effects.Item Under-reporting in aviation : an investigation of factors that affect reporting of safety concerns : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in Aviation at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand(Massey University, 2010) Tani, KawtarA substantial body of evidence suggests that reporting safety concerns and wrongdoing could contribute to improving safety if diligently applied within organisations. A number of aviation accidents suggest that the principles of reporting have not been embraced by the aviation industry; for example, there is evidence that aviation incidents are not always reported even when reporting is mandated by law. This thesis seeks to uncover factors influencing individuals’ intentions to report safety concerns in aviation and to whom such reports might be made. A case study of a New Zealand based example of how under-reporting in aviation may have contributed to the cause of a fatal accident was first presented as evidence of the research problem. Subsequently, four empirical studies of participants working or intending to work in the aviation industry were reported. The empirical findings provided consistent evidence of six factors (seriousness of wrongdoing, direct or indirect involvement in wrongdoing, working environment, legal protection of the reporter, motive of the wrongdoer, and relationship to the wrongdoer) that may influence both individuals’ perceptions of safety issues at the workplace, and their intentions to report wrongdoing. Evidence was also found that when participants do act upon being confronted with wrongdoing situations, they may not do so in a manner that is fully consistent with improving aviation safety. The implications of the empirical findings were discussed and a means of communicating information about what to do when confronted with evidence of wrongdoing in the aviation workplace was proposed. In conclusion, there is confusion in the aviation workplace regarding what matters should be reported to the regulatory authorities and to whom reports should be made. Until such confusion is resolved, the notion that all aviation accidents are preventable is somewhat unrealistic.Item Analyzing Hong Kong’s Inbound Tourism: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic(Elsevier, 5/11/2021) Tsui WHK; Fu X; Chen T; Lei Z; Wu HThis study empirically investigates the determinants and drivers of Hong Kong’s inbound tourism using data from January 2019 to December 2020. Five of Hong Kong’s major regional tourism source markets are selected: Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and South Korea. Our empirical results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has had significant negative impacts on the tourism and aviation sectors in Hong Kong that are asymmetric in the source and destination countries. In addition, international travel control imposed by the Hong Kong government is often defined according to the pandemic situation in the tourism source countries, Hong Kong’s inbound visitor volume is also significantly affected by the Hong Kong government’s response to COVID-19 infection cases in the tourism origin markets. Our empirical results also suggest that the flying distance to Hong Kong and high tourism costs in Hong Kong reduced visitor arrival demand, whereas increased aviation services and tourism market potential contributed to tourism growth. These results suggest that the tourism industry and government agencies should cooperate to recover when the pandemic is under good control, so that Hong Kong will be regarded as a preferred and safe destination for travelers and visitors. Our study emphasizes the complementarity between pandemic control and tourism recovery. Pandemic control involves extra tests and quarantine requirements on passengers, more vigorous border control. These operational and associated financial requirements call for government support to the tourism and aviation sectors in the early stage of recovery to create a positive feedback loop.