Massey Documents by Type
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/294
Browse
8 results
Search Results
Item Does Parental Mind-Mindedness Account for Cross-Cultural Differences in Preschoolers' Theory of Mind?(John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2018-07-01) Hughes C; Devine RT; Wang ZThis study of 241 parent-child dyads from the United Kingdom (N = 120, Mage = 3.92, SD = 0.53) and Hong Kong (N = 121, Mage = 3.99, SD = 0.50) breaks new ground by adopting a cross-cultural approach to investigate children's theory of mind and parental mind-mindedness. Relative to the Hong Kong sample, U.K. children showed superior theory-of-mind performance and U.K. parents showed greater levels of mind-mindedness. Within both cultures parental mind-mindedness was correlated with theory of mind. Mind-mindedness also accounted for cultural differences in preschoolers' theory of mind. We argue that children's family environments might shed light on how culture shapes children's theory of mind.Item Rail human factor training : adaptation of crew resource training in KCRC to enhance modern railway safety : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Aviation at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand(Massey University, 2007) Tsang, Tak SumRecent world headline disasters such as the September 11 attacks, 2005 London transport bombings and 2003 Daegu Subway arson attacks sent a strong warning to all nations that mass-transit systems are highly susceptible to arson or terrorist attacks with catastrophic consequences. Whilst it may be impossible to ever eliminate all forms of threats, one thing remains clear-the effectiveness of crew response to emergency situations can make a key difference between a minor incident and a full blown disaster. Staff effectiveness relies upon corporate awareness, training and investment into safety. Even a state-of-the-art system requires suitably matched and experienced staff for smooth, efficient and incident-free operation. Unfortunately, incident reports reveal consistently that about 70% of aviation and railway incidents have roots in human factors, highlighting the need to invest in effective, safety-oriented training to expose staff to operational and emergency situations in order to minimise or mitigate human error consequences. In aviation, crew resource management (CRM) was developed to address this need. CRM's effectiveness in improving teamwork, communication and staff response to emergency results in its popularity in the medical, nuclear, and military sectors. Although some work had begun to modify CRM for the railway industry, none yet existed in China or Hong Kong. Having observed the effectiveness of CRM and line oriented training (LOT) in aviation, this work documents the introduction of CRM and LOT in Hong Kong in the West Rail (WR) division of the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC). One-hundred-and-twenty drivers, station and traffic controllers from WR took part in a three days CRM training program. The program used lectures, video aided training facilities (VAT) and integrated training facilities (ITF) to expose staff to CRM and safety related concepts. ITFs were used in LOT programs to simulate emergency and abnormal operation scenarios to test and train ability of teams to handle such situations. Feedback was provided by computer, video and voice records, and trainer comments. The effectiveness of the training program was tested in an emergency drill in conjunction with Hong Kong police, fire and hospital services by comparison of a control group and the CRM trained group to evaluate the program effectiveness. It was observed that the CRM group displayed better incident handling capabilities, stronger teamwork and communication throughout the exercise. When analysing incidents, CRM trained members were able to recall and consider more factors of human performance. As the instituted CRM program is still in its infancy, more time is required to prove its effectiveness. It is believed that even in this short introduction period it has raised staff awareness of safety and human factors, and improved overall teamwork and performance in WR. Now that WR serves as a knowledge portal to the rest of KCRC divisions, it is envisioned that CRM will be extended to other KCRC rails. In later years it may also broaden to intercity rails to Mainland China to improve staff performance. An effective CRM program will be the key to minimise impact and consequences if one day disaster does strike.Item The myth of apathy : Hong Kong society and politics, 1966-1985 : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at Massey University(Massey University, 1996) Hall, VanessaIt has been widely accepted for many years that the people of Hong Kong were politically apathetic. This myth of apathy was a construct manufactured by supporters of the colonial status quo; that was a benevolent autocracy which was opposed to any constitutional political reform in the colony. The time frame this thesis examines is from the Kowloon riots of 1966 to the first elections to the Legislative Council in 1985. During this period there were many indications that the people of Hong Kong were not apathetic. However the objective of the colonial authorities was to maintain political control and the myth of apathy was used to achieve this objective. The colonial government of Hong Kong reinforced its legitimacy by reiterating that they were governing by consensus through consultation channels with the public. This though wras not the reality. The colonial government consciously and effectively deprived the people of Hong Kong of a voice in the administration of the colony. Any political reforms that were conceded were instituted to placate the public and in no way altered the constitutional frame work of the colony. Social and political reforms made by the colonial authorities were designed to diminish discontent and therefore potential political agitation. The people of Hong Kong were never politically apathetic.Item An empirical evaluation of the information content of share option scheme announcements in Hong Kong : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for degree of Master of Business Studies in Accountancy at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand(Massey University, 2006) Han, SongThis study investigates the announcement effects of share option schemes using data from Hong Kong market between 2002 and 2004. Findings indicate that share option scheme announcements have information content and that the market overall reacts unfavorably to share option scheme announcements in Hong Kong. Further investigation reveals that the market reacts favorably to share option scheme announcements by financial companies and large size firms. Higher potential growth companies have lower returns when they announce share option schemes. In addition, large size firms are more likely to announce share option schemes independently of firms public announcements.Item Aircraft accident investigation : human factors & legal challenge : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Aviation at Massey University(Massey University, 2007) Fenn, Lily K. B.From the case studies on various important aircraft accident investigation reports both in New Zealand and Hong Kong, this study suggests that they are deficient and inadequate in a number of ways. As a consequence they may be challenged either on merit or procedure, or both. In this study, various analytical human factors tools are examined and considered in relation to their potential contribution to challenging the merits of investigative reports. In addition, the legal aspects of these reports are also examined to determine how extant legislation and common law could be applied to challenge the reports on the basis of law and procedure. It is demonstrated in the analysis how aircraft accident investigation and the reports that are compiled can be challenged on different fronts. Procedural irregularities, such as inadequate opportunity given to those adversely affected to be heard; acting beyond the terms of reference of a public inquiry; or the lack of independence of the investigation itself, may give rise to a cause of action to have the report quashed completely or partially. Those whose reputation is adversely affected may challenge the findings and conclusions in the Board of Review by calling independent experts to attend the hearing to challenge the opinion given by the Chief Inspector. Parties to Court proceedings may seek discovery or disclosure of the records or information collected in the investigation and ask the Court to rule on the causation of the accident in personal injury cases. Among the different channels or methods of investigation, the Chief Inspector's reports are most vulnerable to challenge given the legal position in Hong Kong and the lack of statutory non-disclosure protection of the records, information and evidence gathered, and the compellability of the Inspectors to give evidence in Court. Aircraft accident investigation reports may, at best, be used or taken as a piece of evidence setting out the factual information of the accident, and as an expert opinion of the probable cause thereof in subsequent civil proceedings in establishing the causation of the accident and liability in common law negligence in personal injury or fatal accident cases. Those reports are by no means conclusive or binding on the parties or the Court in civil proceedings, and issue estoppel does not arise.Item Interactive multimedia for second language learning : a comparison between individuals and dyads in a Hong Kong tertiary institute : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education at Massey University(Massey University, 1994) Teague, Beverley MargaretInteractive multimedia appears to offer many advantages for adult learners studying in a self-access centre. However, there has been very little research into the use of multimedia for language learning so the advantages are largely speculative. Computers have a very individual tradition on the one hand, while on the other there is considerable interest in the way in which group learning is facilitated by the computer. This study examines the way in which individuals and dyads respond to interactive multimedia for second language learning. It focuses on three areas: control in the computer environment, adult second language learning and the social dimension of the computer environment. One of the problems with carrying out research in this area is the difficulty of finding a methodology that respects the learner choice that is such an appealing feature of interactive multimedia, while at the same time making it possible to compare the responses of different learners. The search for a suitable methodology was an integral part of this research. A case study approach was adopted. Two data collecting procedures, both of which relied in the first instance on video recording, were used. As the participants worked with the computer system two video cameras were operating. One camera focused on the computer screen and this was analysed to provide information about the way in which students used the program. The other camera focused on the participants and the computer system and this was used as the focus for stimulated recall. Interview data from the stimulated recall was analysed to provide information about participant response from the technological, socio-affective and cognitive perspectives. Results indicated that individuals were more aware of the possibilities of the technology and more dynamic in their use of it. They viewed considerably more chapters than dyads and were more conscious of the use of time. Individuals expressed a general preference for working with a partner in the future. In contrast, dyads viewed fewer chapters than individuals and spent considerably longer on each chapter. Their pace was more leisurely. There were clear examples of cooperation between members of dyads but a number expressed a preference for working alone in the future. There was a strong indication of the use of metacognitive strategies for language learning by all participants. Individuals provided evidence of a greater use of cognitive strategies than did dyads. The study provided a considerable number of insights into the use of interactive multimedia for language learning by individuals and dyads. It also suggested directions for future research: these included studies to identify repetition, and its various roles, in the interactive multimedia environment, and studies of same gender groups. The methodology adopted appeared to be sufficiently robust to lend itself to use in further research.Item Investigating Hong Kong's role as the main air transport hub in the Asia-Pacific region : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in Aviation at Massey University, Manawatu Campus, New Zealand(Massey University, 2012) Tsui, Wai Hong KanHong Kong International Airport (HKIA) has experienced growth in air traffic volumes since its opening in 1998, and has established itself as one of the main international hub airports in the Asia-Pacific region and China’s primary gateway. However, it is concerned about losing this position due to increased competition from alternative international gateway hub airports in Mainland China and around the Asia-Pacific region. In particular, HKIA’s growth in passenger numbers started to show a declining trend and was smaller relative to other regional airports. The objective of this research was to investigate HKIA’s relative operational efficiency and network position and forecast its ability to maintain its role as the main air transport hub in the Asia-Pacific region and the primary passenger gateway to Mainland China. The research in this thesis undertook three separate but related empirical studies to answer several questions that contribute to addressing the overall research objective. The first study used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to assess the operational efficiency of HKIA compared to other major Asia-Pacific airports. HKIA was found to reside on the efficiency frontier as one of the most efficient airports in the Asia-Pacific region. In the second study, the NetScan Connectivity Units (CNU) model measured and compared the direct, indirect, and hub connectivity of the major Asia-Pacific airports. HKIA was found to have a competitive position offering larger direct and hub connectivity to other international regions relative to other airports. Furthermore, the market share analysis showed that HKIA maintained its role as China’s primary passenger gateway handling a significant share of China’s inbound international visitors from several regions around the world. In the third study, the Box-Jenkins Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) and ARIMAX models were modelled to forecast Hong Kong airport’s future passenger throughput, and its future passenger throughput were projected to grow. The findings of the research suggested that HKIA has maintained its position as the main air transport hub in the Asia-Pacific region and China’s primary passenger gateway with the support of efficient operations and competitive international flight connectivity networks. Given that HKIA maintains this relative position, its airport passenger throughput is forecasted to grow in the future.Item Analyzing Hong Kong’s Inbound Tourism: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic(Elsevier, 5/11/2021) Tsui WHK; Fu X; Chen T; Lei Z; Wu HThis study empirically investigates the determinants and drivers of Hong Kong’s inbound tourism using data from January 2019 to December 2020. Five of Hong Kong’s major regional tourism source markets are selected: Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and South Korea. Our empirical results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has had significant negative impacts on the tourism and aviation sectors in Hong Kong that are asymmetric in the source and destination countries. In addition, international travel control imposed by the Hong Kong government is often defined according to the pandemic situation in the tourism source countries, Hong Kong’s inbound visitor volume is also significantly affected by the Hong Kong government’s response to COVID-19 infection cases in the tourism origin markets. Our empirical results also suggest that the flying distance to Hong Kong and high tourism costs in Hong Kong reduced visitor arrival demand, whereas increased aviation services and tourism market potential contributed to tourism growth. These results suggest that the tourism industry and government agencies should cooperate to recover when the pandemic is under good control, so that Hong Kong will be regarded as a preferred and safe destination for travelers and visitors. Our study emphasizes the complementarity between pandemic control and tourism recovery. Pandemic control involves extra tests and quarantine requirements on passengers, more vigorous border control. These operational and associated financial requirements call for government support to the tourism and aviation sectors in the early stage of recovery to create a positive feedback loop.