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Item Terroir Dynamics: Impact of Vineyard and Canopy Treatment with Chitosan on Anthocyanins, Phenolics, and Volatile and Sensory Profiles of Pinot Noir Wines from South Tyrol(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2024-04-23) Tchouakeu Betnga PF; Poggesi S; Darnal A; Longo E; Rudari E; Boselli E; Rolle LThe effects of canopy treatment with chitosan and the effects of the vineyard location on the quality parameters, volatile and non-volatile profiles, and sensory profile of Pinot Noir wines from South Tyrol (Italy) were studied. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to identify the most relevant compounds associated with the variability in phenolics and anthocyanins (analyzed by UHPLC-MS), volatile components (HS-SPME-GCxGC-ToF/MS), and basic enological parameters. A clear separation of low-altitude wines (350 m.a.s.l.), which had a high concentration of most of the identified volatile compounds, compared to high-altitude wines (800 and 1050-1150 m.a.s.l.) was pointed out. Low altitude minimized the concentration of the most significant anthocyanins in wines from a valley bottom, presumably due to reduced sun exposure. Wines obtained from chitosan-treated canopies, and, more particularly, those subjected to multiple treatments per year showed a higher amount of the main non-volatile phenolics and were sensorially described as having "unpleasant flavors" and "odors", which might suggest that grape metabolism is slightly altered compared to untreated grapevines. Thus, optimization of the treatment with chitosan should be further investigated.Item Genetic Association of PPARGC1A Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism with Milk Production Traits in Italian Mediterranean Buffalo.(Hindawi Limited, 2021-03-20) Hosseini SM; Tingzhu Y; Pasandideh M; Liang A; Hua G; Farmanullah; Schreurs NM; Raza SHA; Salzano A; Campanile G; Gasparrini B; Yang L; Kontos CKPPARGC1A gene plays an important role in the activation of various important hormone receptors and transcriptional factors involved in the regulation of adaptive thermogenesis, gluconeogenesis, fiber-type switching in skeletal muscle, mitochondrial biogenesis, and adipogenesis, regulating the reproduction and proposed as a candidate gene for milk-related traits in cattle. This study identified polymorphisms in the PPARGC1A gene in Italian Mediterranean buffaloes and their associations to milk production and quality traits (lactation length, peak milk yield, fat and protein yield, and percentage). As a result, a total of seven SNPs (g.-78A>G, g.224651G>C, g.286986G>A, g.304050G>A, g.325647G>A, g.325817T>C, and g.325997G>A) were identified by DNA pooled sequencing. Analysis of productivity traits within the genotyped animals revealed that the g.286986G>A located at intron 4 was associated with milk production traits, but the g.325817T>C had no association with milk production. Polymorphisms in g.-78A>G was associated with peak milk yield and milk yield, while g.304050G>A and g.325997 G>A were associated with both milk yield and protein percentage. Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in the buffalo PPARGC1A gene are associated with milk production traits and can be used as a candidate gene for milk traits and marker-assisted selection in the buffalo breeding program.Item A Statistical Model for Earthquake And/Or Rainfall Triggered Landslides(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021-02-04) Frigerio Porta G; Bebbington M; Xiao X; Jones G; Xu CNatural hazards can be initiated by different types of triggering events. For landslides, the triggering events are predominantly earthquakes and rainfall. However, risk analysis commonly focuses on a single mechanism, without considering possible interactions between the primary triggering events. Spatial modeling of landslide susceptibility (suppressing temporal dependence), or tailoring models to specific areas and events are not sufficient to understand the risk produced by interacting causes. More elaborate models with interactions, capable of capturing direct or indirect triggering of secondary hazards, are required. By discretising space, we create a daily-spatio-temporal hazard model to evaluate the relative and combined effects on landslide triggering due to earthquakes and rainfall. A case study on the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna is presented, which suggests these triggering effects are best modeled as additive. This paper demonstrates how point processes can be used to model the triggering influence of multiple factors in a large real dataset collected from various sources.Item Statistical models for multihazards : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Statistics at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand(Massey University, 2020) Frigerio Porta, GabrieleNatural hazards such as earthquakes, floods and landslides threaten communities in every part of the world. Exposure to such perils can be reduced by mitigation and forward planning. These procedures require the estimation of event likelihoods, a process which is well understood for single hazards. However, spatio-temporal interaction between natural hazards, through triggering or simple coincidence, is not uncommon (e.g. Alaska 1964, the Armero tragedy, the Kaikoura earthquake), and can lead to more severe consequences than the simple sum of two separate events. Hence single hazard assessments may underestimate, or incorrectly estimate, the real risk through a lack of interaction analysis. In the existing research literature, multi-hazards assessments are most commonly approached qualitatively or semi-quantitatively, evaluating hazards via an interaction matrix, without formal quantification of the risk. This thesis presents a quantitative framework, using point processes as the key tool, to evaluate the interaction of primary hazards in the occurrence of secondary (triggered) ones. The concept of the ‘hazard potential’ is developed, as a means of generalizing hazard interactions in space and time, allowing event outcomes to be simulated within a simple point process framework. Two particular examples of multiple hazard interactions are presented: rainfall and/or earthquake-induced landslides, and the survival of landslide dams. In the first case, point processes are used to model the triggering influence of multiple factors in a large real dataset collected from various sources. By discretizing space and time to match the data resolution, a daily-spatio-temporal hazard model to evaluate the relative and combined effects on landslide triggering due to earthquakes and rainfall is created. The case study on the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna suggests that the triggering effects are additive. In the second example, a Bayesian survival model is developed to forecast the time to failure of landslide dams, based on their characteristics and those of the potential reservoir. A case study on heterogeneous Italian events is presented, together with examples of potential results (forecasting) and possible generalizations of the model.Item Claudia Muzio (1889-1936), her life and career : a thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy, Massey University Conservatorium of Music, College of Fine Arts, Design and Music, Wellington, New Zealand(Massey University, 2003) Jenkins, Laurence LThe Italian soprano Claudia Muzio was, in the course of her short career (1910-1935) hailed as one of the world's great singers. There is a great deal of evidence, in the form of reviews and testimonials by her contemporaries, that Claudia became famous amongst critics and audiences alike for her dedication, histrionic ability and the beauty and intelligence of her singing. Claudia was what we would call today a role model. There was a dedicated following of young girls and women, the Muzio Fan Club, which started in Chicago and soon had members throughout the United States. Only one other soprano of the day had such a following, Geraldine Farrar, whose 'gerryflapper' following was more impressive, though not so much devoted to the singing of their idol as to her style Both genetically and environmentally, conditions were ideal for Claudia to become what she did. Her parents, though at the time Claudia was born to them they were still unmarried, were both musicians Carlo Muzio, though, soon turned his attention to stage directing. Giovanna Gavirati, his mistress and Claudia's natural, and later legal, mother, was a singer and had a sister who was a professional singer as well. Added to those already favourable conditions was the constant backstage environment in which Claudia spent her childhood, "at work" with her parents who doted on her and were reluctant to leave her behind when they travelled between several of the major opera houses of the world – Covent Garden in London, The Metropolitan in New York, the San Carlo in Naples and others.[from Introduction]Item 'As important to me as water' : how refugees in Rome use smartphones to improve their well-being : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of International Development at Massey University, Palmerston North, Manawatū, New Zealand(Massey University, 2017) St George, Tanya VivienneMobile phones and smartphones have been hailed as instrumental in assisting migrants and refugees to make the perilous journey to Europe. Civil society groups and humanitarian agencies are responding by developing a plethora of technological aid initiatives to assist refugees and asylum-seekers - a phenomenon dubbed “ICT4Refugees”. However, without a sound understanding of smartphones enable people to be and do, such well-intended projects may fail. Within ICT4D the Capability Approach has become a popular conceptual tool for analysing and discussing the role of technology in improving the well-being of the poor and disadvantaged. Proponents argue it is not access to technology that matters; it is how people use it to enhance their capabilities and achieve valuable lives. Therefore, this thesis investigates how refugees in Rome, Italy, use smartphones to improve their well-being and whether, according to the Capability Approach, smartphones can expand refugees’ capabilities, choices and freedoms. The research is based on qualitative, semi-structured interviews with refugee guests and staff at a refugee centre in Rome, conducted in May 2016. Findings were analysed using an evaluative framework based on capability models created for ICT4D settings, which provided an ecological view of the different factors which influence smartphone use. Overall, the findings indicate that smartphones are critical to the psychological well-being of participants – “as important as water” for their survival - as they enable them to connect to friends and family conveniently and at little or no cost, providing they have access to the Internet. Frequent contact helps replenish participants’ resilience in an otherwise hostile environment. However, owning a smartphone has not improved the informational capabilities of all participants in this study. Thus, refugees may require support to develop the necessary digital and informational literacies needed to participate in an Information Society. Key words: Capabilities, refugees, ICTs, Italy, smartphonesItem Findings ways to survive : 24 (Auckland) Battalion and the experiential learning curve : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Defence and Strategic Studies at Massey University(Massey University, 2006) Connor, PeteFor many years New Zealand's military historiography has been dogged by the myth New Zealanders were natural soldiers. James Belich believes that this myth had its origins in the Boer War, where Social Darwinism, attempts in New Zealand to forge a national identity, as well the British moral panic about the declining physical attributes of their fighting men, all collided and placed the New Zealand soldier up on a pedestal as an example of the moral fitness of New Zealand, and a validation of the notion that New Zealand was a 'Better Britain'.1 (James Belich, Paradise Reforged: A History of the New Zealanders from the 1880s to the Year 2000, Auckland, Allen Lane Penguin Books, 2001, pp.97-98, 104-105. ) Despite the trauma experienced by thousands of New Zealanders who witnessed combat during the First and Second World Wars, the public refutation of this myth by high profile soldiers such as Major-General Howard Kippenberger, and attempts by historians to try and dispel this myth, it continues to be repeated and as recent as 2004 the television documentary programme, The Khaki All Blacks, was expounding this argument, whilst John Thomson's 2004 book Warrior Nation, promotes such a myth in a subtle form.2 (David Crerar and Steven Orsbourn, Khaki All Blacks, Auckland, Oxygen Television, 2004: John Thomson, Warrior Nation: New Zealanders at the Front 1900-2000, Christchurch, Hazard Press, 2000.) This thesis will address this myth by examining 24 (Auckland) Battalion's experiential learning curve: That is, how did 24 Battalion acquire military experience and knowledge, both from internal Battalion sources, as well as from external agencies and then disseminate that knowledge and experience to prepare for military operations? While it is difficult to quantify an intangible value such as 'experience', enough information can be derived from a number of sources that can give an overall picture of the patterns of experience and the changes of experience levels during three periods of 24 Battalion's life. These three case studies are the lead up to the Greek Campaign (February 1940 to February 1941), the Second Battle of El Alamein (September and October 1942) and finally, the Third Battle of Cassino (January and February 1944). These three periods assess how prepared the personnel of 24 Battalion were for upcoming operations and what preparations, both through formal process such as training, and informal processes like a buddy system, were utilised to overcome perceived deficiencies. Finally 24 Battalion's actions in the three subsequent periods of operations are then studied in detail so the question can be asked, what impact did experience and the acquisition of military knowledge have on 24 Battalion's primary infantry role?