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Item Decolonising mahi : a Kaupapa Māori theory and practice framework : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Health at SHORE & Whāriki Research Centre, Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa Massey University, Aotearoa-New Zealand(Massey University, 2023) Emery-Whittington, Isla Te Ara o RehuaThe thesis is a narration of a process to reclaim theoretical space where everyday acts are once again regarded as mahi and as māori. It is a philosophical decolonial examination of both Western theories and notions of occupation (activities, acts, work, deeds) and Kaupapa Māori praxis of mahi. The aim of this Kaupapa Māori study is to examine the relationship between ‘colonisation’ and ‘occupation’ and specifically, how this relationship contributes to both the reproduction of colonialism and decolonisation of everyday life for Māori peoples. This provides a basis for formalising the Māori Occupational Therapy Network’s theorising of a Kaupapa Māori theory of mahi and practice model. Kaupapa Māori methodology provided a foundation that privileged tikanga and mātauranga through the study. Wānanga as theory making, writing to understand, publishing to disrupt and building antiracist collectives were the Kaupapa Māori methods utilised. These methods supported a critical examination of the links between occupation and colonisation. Specifically, notions of ‘occupation as a series of separations’, ‘occupations as having’, and ‘occupational justice’ were examined for their utility in reproducing and maintaining colonialism. A taxonomy of human occupations in settler-colonial states captured the observations and is outlined alongside emerging Indigenous and critical occupational therapy and occupational science literature. This study used a ‘thesis with publications pathway’ to collaboratively disrupt colonial reckons about occupation and carved new spaces to share how decoloniality is generated and transforms everyday tasks of life. Guidance for antiracist, Tiriti-based praxis is designed into a Kaupapa Māori Theory of Mahi and a practice framework called Ngā Mahi a Rehua. The study was tasked with noticing, examining and explaining how the ‘colonised’ struggle is lived and transcended in the minutiae of everyday occupations. In so doing, it also highlighted the links between institutionalised dehumanisation practices within occupational therapy and occupational science, and monocultural theorising of occupation. Despite this, the study also highlighted how an Indigenous way of being, is transformative and necessary. Evidently, despite the chronic, multi-layered, and shape-shifting nature of ‘being colonised’, mahi is a potent and abundantly accessible site of decoloniality.Item Unthought, or, A contribution to leadership scholarship from a Chinese perspective – based on François Jullien’s work : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Management at Massey University, Albany campus, New Zealand(Massey University, 2022) Yue, Feng (Dennis)This theoretical thesis is based on the work of French philosopher François Jullien. The thesis considers issues and challenges in existing leadership scholarship as an outcome of the Western cultural lens. Jullien’s work investigates Western and Chinese thinking traditions and recognises that the emergence of a cultural scholarship is heavily influenced by the ways the sensory world is categorised. The categorisation of reality on the basis of ‘being’ influences aspects of the sensory world a scholar is attentive to and created conditions for the emergence of Western scholarship. The Chinese ideographical language categorised the world on the basis of motion and produced a scholarship that is attentive to silent motions in the sensory world and not identifiable “being” and studies the propensity of things and not identity. By taking a Chinese perspective to reinvestigate Western thinking and vice versa, Jullien’s work makes a contribution by uncovering how separate cultural traditions contribute to each other by revealing insights that are unavailable from only one cultural scholarship (Jullien, 2014, 2015). Jullien calls the knowledge that emerges from between cultural thoughts unthought. This thesis aims to address the question of How can François Jullien’s work contribute to contemporary leadership studies? Following Jullien’s approach, I investigate leadership through a Chinese lens provided by Jullien’s work and uncover unthought in existing leadership scholarship by revealing insights about leadership from a Chinese perspective. This insight adds to leadership knowledge and provides alternative ways of approaching leadership through silent tendencies behind the emergence of identifiable aspects of leadership.Item Supporting interprofessional collaborative practice through relational orientation : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education at Massey University, Albany Campus, Aotearoa New Zealand(Massey University, 2021) Vasilic, BrankaRelational processes in the context of interprofessional collaboration are understood mainly in terms of individual action. This study argues that focusing on individual action limits our understanding of some of the most successful relationship-based collaborative practices. To shift the focus from individual action to co-action, this study investigated co-action oriented practices in multi-agency teams working with children and young people identified as living with High and Complex Needs (HCN). The methodology used in this study combined a relational research orientation with the principles of narrative theory, in order to engage HCN practitioners in dynamic conversations. Through dialogue, the HCN practitioners investigated their valued collaborative practices. These practices were then further explored in terms of how collaboration could shift from individual to co-action. The outcomes of the study highlighted a number of successful relationship-based collaborative practices that are often overlooked. These range from simply having small talk, being personal and flexible, to addressing more complex situations that might otherwise be avoided. Appreciative exploration was identified as a way to step outside of one’s own beliefs and become curious about how contradictory views might be valid within a community of understanding. Finding a respectful way to approach what we want to avoid holds arguably most potential for positive change. The study concluded that three aspects were critical to the engagement of practitioners in collaborative co-active practice: (1) paying attention to the process of relating; (2) acknowledging values, interests and concerns of practitioners in their daily practice, and (3) respecting current practices. Engaging with co-active practices in this way energised practitioners and fostered an innovation-seeking attitude and collective learning. As the practitioners in this study demonstrated, relational orientation opens up possibilities to shape co-action, and offers a unique tool for transforming collaborative practices. Put simply, the relational shift shows what we achieve together, we cannot do alone.Item Borderless fashion practice : contemporary fashion in the metamodern age : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, School of Design, Toi Rauwhārangi College of Creative Arts, Massey University, Wellington, Aotearoa(Massey University, 2021) Gerrie, VanessaTwenty-first century fashion practice has become increasingly borderless and pluralistic in the technetronic era, calling into question the very boundaries that define fashion in the Western cultural context. This doctoral project responds to this statement in light of contemporary fashion practices under what I call borderless fashion. Borderless fashion is a term that I conceptualise and use in this study to define contemporary fashion practitioners who work across disciplines through collaborations and communicate their work in a multitude of cross-platform ways. Borderless fashion practice describes practitioners whose work intersects with other creative disciplines and fields, such as art, technology, science, architecture, and graphic design. This is established through collaborative projects and conceptual fashion collections manifesting in the way in which they communicate their practice. This involves a movement from the physical to the metaphysical, transcending conceptions of the traditional runway catwalk show. It is fashion produced, communicated, and consumed in an expanded field. These practices are expanding the definitions of fashion as both material object and experience. As such, this thesis is driven by the following questions: Why are fashion designers working in this way? How has the consumer/audience’s relationship with fashion changed? To illustrate these claims I have conducted a critical visual and textual analysis through four case studies of fashion designers including Iris Van Herpen, Aitor Throup, Virgil Abloh, and Eckhaus Latta. The textual analysis is not that of material garments but rather that of the communication materials of the designer’s brand, which has been influenced by the democratisation of digital technologies. These designers work collaboratively with practitioners from other disciplines and utilise multi-disciplinary design principles themselves. They were chosen because they move between the commercial and the non-commercial fashion arenas through project-based fashion. I have mapped their practices against the philosophical and theoretical framework of metamodernism, a set of emerging frameworks that construct narratives and meaning around contemporary aesthetics and fashion design respectively.Item Pedagogies of presence : contemplative education across the disciplines in Aotearoa New Zealand : a dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand(Massey University, 2020) Thomas, HeatherThis study investigated contemplative pedagogy and practice within New Zealand universities, in the form of both mindfulness interventions targeting wellness and connection, and classroom pedagogy fostering attentional, critical, and creative thinking. Little previous research had been undertaken on the topic in this country. The integrated research design developed for the project - Critical Realist Mixed Methods Sequential Explanatory Design (CRMMSED) - included two phases, an extensive exploratory survey phase (n = 258), and an intensive, in-depth interview phase (n = 22). Critical Realist abductive and dialectical analyses took place alongside statistical and thematic analyses. The findings show that educators incorporate contemplative methods to address pressing issues ranging from student stress to climate change. Most contemplative teaching takes place within extant disciplinary framings. Key entry points into academia are through reflective practice in the contexts of professional education, critical social justice teaching, and creative projects. The study suggests that contemplative education arises in response to complex social factors involving several disconnects - with nature, people, the self, and the capacity for self-transcendence. This emergence is an outworking of historical forces and a response to research showing the potential of contemplative education for ameliorating difficult problems.Item Hyper-pluralism and the RELICS method : how religious expression via living inter-personal conceptual schemata accounts for religious diversity : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Philosophy at Massey University, Distance, New Zealand(Massey University, 2019) Doughty, Samuel William ConnorThis paper offers a new method for a new pluralism. The author offers an examination of John Hick’s religious pluralism and George Lakoff and Mark Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory (CMT). After detailing the amendments required for both Hick’s pluralism and Lakoff and Johnson’s CMT the author offers an updated version of the former and an amended version of the latter. In the final section a ‘hyper-pluralism’ is offered as well as a method for the account of religious diversity through religious expression via living inter-personal conceptual schemata (RELICS).Item The contradictions of freedom : freedom camping tensions, tourism governance and changing social relationships in the Christchurch and Selwyn districts of New Zealand : a thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Sociology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand(Massey University, 2019) Aston, ShannonIn 2011, the National led government of New Zealand hastily enacted the Freedom Camping Act (2011) in order to accommodate the bourgeoning number of foreign tourists expected to arrive for the 2011 Rugby World Cup. This was despite opposition concerns that existing public infrastructure, and particularly sanitation facilities, would not be able to meet the growth in demand. In the years since the introduction of FCA (2011), the popularity of freedom camping primarily among budget conscious Europeans has increased and there has been an ever growing number of freedom campers arriving on New Zealand’s shores. Freedom camping is defined in the Act as camping in self-contained and non-self-contained vehicles on public land managed by local governments or the Department of Conservation. Promoted by the national government and tourism industry for its potential to contribute to national tourism revenue, public and political concerns have surfaced around the social, economic, cultural and environmental costs and benefits of freedom camping. Significant points of tension and conflict have come to characterise freedom camping which illuminate multiple contradictions both in its conceptualisation and the way it is experienced by various groups. Freedom camping is embedded in neoliberal governance and discourse and is a policy directive enacted in national legislation. However, its management is devolved to local governments and its effects are highly localised. In this thesis I examine the different management approaches to freedom camping and the effects of these approaches in two neighbouring areas of New Zealand’s South Island: the Christchurch and Selwyn districts. Christchurch is a major urban area and tourism hub and since 2015 has had a freedom camping bylaw in place which restricts freedom camping in its environs. In contrast, Selwyn is a rural district with a rapidly growing urban centre. It has no freedom camping bylaw and manages two large freedom camping areas in its district. Drawing on extensive document analysis and three weeks of qualitative field research involving interviews, observation and site visits in the two districts in late 2018, this thesis speaks to two specific research questions: • How do people in the Christchurch and Selwyn regional districts feel about freedom camping, the Freedom Camping Act 2011 and its management? • How is freedom camping and the Freedom Camping Act 2011 reshaping social relations within and between the Christchurch and Selwyn regional districts? This thesis locates the FCA (2011) and freedom camping within current discourse on tourism governance in neoliberal government structures and in answering the research questions, explores three key areas. First, I examine the governance of freedom camping, the state of the legislation and how different regional approaches to freedom camping create inconsistency and community stress. Second, I consider freedom camping as a contradictory process of capitalism and interpret economic power over nature through the framework of political ecology. The third area is an analysis of tourist-hosts relations which sets a broader framework to examine tensions over freedom camping’s visibility seen through the cultural lens of the “New Zealand camper identity”. The thesis concludes that freedom camping through the FCA (2011) makes multiple interpretations of freedom compete in, and for, contested public spaces. Four freedoms are identified that emerge from the tensions. Freedom from cost relates to seeking free sites and overusing public space. Freedom of mobility is the legislation encouraging freedom campers to locate themselves in contested public places. Freedom as birthright is New Zealander’s interpretation of freedom in nature as a birthright which is utilized by the national tourism industry. The freedom of regulated responsibility involves the language of freedom being removed from freedom camping by the central government after eight years of significant social and environmental stress due to freedom camping. These freedoms are both interconnected and internally contradictory leaving the future meaning and practice of freedom camping uncertain.Item A story in the telling. . . : an exegesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree, a Masters in Fine Arts, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand(Massey University, 2018) Cook, DamonThis exegesis contains a laying out of the ground that is our contemporary moment of environmental and social crisis,. This includes the approaches and attitudes that have brought that crisis into being. These are approaches and attitudes that seek to control and master the world. The ‘body’— that is, our own bodies and the body of that world— is where this drama is seen to play out. Art and contemplative practices are understood as offering counter modes to control and exploitation. These counter modes of practice and understanding are examined and critiqued. An attempt is made to perform this problem by offering points of clarity and orientation, while, at the same time avoiding too much clarity and control. Which is to say that this exegesis is also a literary text, in part and whole. Finally, in keeping with this performance of clarity and control, and possible counter modes, the concluding section —‘Where to Next’— offers two suggestive, rather than explicitly directive ways forward.Item Re-tuning the mind's ear : an anonymous history of acoustic prosthetic technologies for the ear : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Communication at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand(Massey University, 2019) Herlihy, Bridget ClareOver the last century the use of wearable personal acoustic technologies for the ear in a variety of different guises has become commonplace in daily life. These devices, such as hearing aids and headphones, have the propensity to reshape auditory experience and in turn, the perception of acoustic space by enabling personalised and immersive encounters with sound that alter the user’s understanding of, and relationship to, their surrounding environment. The aim of this study is to explore how acoustic prosthetic devices modify how sound is experienced, and how ensuing changes in auditory acuity affect the user’s perception of acoustic space. To achieve these aims this study compiled an anonymous history of acoustic space through the lens of various acoustic prosthetic technologies for the ear. It presents an historical analysis of the development and application of these personal devices in key areas of innovation and application, in particular hearing aids, the stethoscope, and headphones. In this thesis, a hybrid methodological approach is offered to expand Siegfried Giedion’s contribution to anonymous history by integrating analysis of a postphenomenology of embodiment. This methodology illustrates the ways in which the technological evolution of these devices across history significantly influenced the user’s experience of mediated sound and, in turn, acoustic space. This research provides further insight into, first, the ways in which hearing aids, devices used to ameliorate a deficit in hearing, historically contributed to a reshaping of the user’s perception of acoustic space. Second, this thesis examines how the development and application of the stethoscope marked the beginning of a movement towards the increasing privatisation of mediated listening experiences. Finally, the influence towards private mediated experiences of sound that began to build momentum in the late nineteenth century is explored to foreground the increasingly widespread use of prosthetic technologies for the ear, in particular headphones, also examined in this thesis. In so doing, this study draws attention to new complexities in the experience of auditory encounters facilitated by acoustic prosthetics. The thesis further reveals the paradoxical nature of these devices as their form and function has continued to evolve over time. Additionally, through the integration of digital technology, this study also explores how acoustic prosthetic wearers are able to facilitate, and control, new hybridised and customised experiences of sound and acoustic space. It is argued that the new and increasing ability to experience what is not possible through the unmediated ear raises new challenges to the ways in which acoustic space has previously been considered. Heterogeneous experiences of acoustic space made possible through rapidly advancing developments in prosthetic technologies for the ear require greater consideration, in particular the potential effect(s) that these experiences of acoustic space have upon the re-tuning of the mind’s ear.Item Does methodological naturalism lead one to accept ontological naturalism? : a thesis submitted to Massey University in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Philosophy, Massey University, New Zealand(Massey University, 2018) Weichselbaum, JohannScience excludes the supernatural in its explanations and theories - a principle called ‘methodological naturalism’. This strategy of eschewing supernatural causation has been criticised, in particular by some religious communities. One reason given is that this principle leads one to a total rejection of anything supernatural (ontological naturalism). In this paper I argue that methodological naturalism is a stable but also necessary position, which does not cause one to accept an atheistic worldview.