Re-tuning the mind's ear : an anonymous history of acoustic prosthetic technologies for the ear : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Communication at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Date
2019
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Massey University
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Abstract
Over the last century the use of wearable personal acoustic technologies for
the ear in a variety of different guises has become commonplace in daily life.
These devices, such as hearing aids and headphones, have the propensity to
reshape auditory experience and in turn, the perception of acoustic space by
enabling personalised and immersive encounters with sound that alter the user’s
understanding of, and relationship to, their surrounding environment.
The aim of this study is to explore how acoustic prosthetic devices modify
how sound is experienced, and how ensuing changes in auditory acuity affect the
user’s perception of acoustic space. To achieve these aims this study compiled an
anonymous history of acoustic space through the lens of various acoustic
prosthetic technologies for the ear. It presents an historical analysis of the
development and application of these personal devices in key areas of innovation
and application, in particular hearing aids, the stethoscope, and headphones. In
this thesis, a hybrid methodological approach is offered to expand Siegfried
Giedion’s contribution to anonymous history by integrating analysis of a postphenomenology
of embodiment. This methodology illustrates the ways in which
the technological evolution of these devices across history significantly influenced
the user’s experience of mediated sound and, in turn, acoustic space.
This research provides further insight into, first, the ways in which hearing
aids, devices used to ameliorate a deficit in hearing, historically contributed to a
reshaping of the user’s perception of acoustic space. Second, this thesis examines
how the development and application of the stethoscope marked the beginning of
a movement towards the increasing privatisation of mediated listening
experiences. Finally, the influence towards private mediated experiences of sound
that began to build momentum in the late nineteenth century is explored to
foreground the increasingly widespread use of prosthetic technologies for the ear,
in particular headphones, also examined in this thesis.
In so doing, this study draws attention to new complexities in the
experience of auditory encounters facilitated by acoustic prosthetics. The thesis
further reveals the paradoxical nature of these devices as their form and function
has continued to evolve over time. Additionally, through the integration of digital
technology, this study also explores how acoustic prosthetic wearers are able to
facilitate, and control, new hybridised and customised experiences of sound and
acoustic space. It is argued that the new and increasing ability to experience what
is not possible through the unmediated ear raises new challenges to the ways in
which acoustic space has previously been considered. Heterogeneous experiences
of acoustic space made possible through rapidly advancing developments in
prosthetic technologies for the ear require greater consideration, in particular the
potential effect(s) that these experiences of acoustic space have upon the re-tuning
of the mind’s ear.
Description
The following Figures have been removed for copyright reasons, but may be accessed via the link provided in their caption: Figures 4.5, 4.14, 4.16, 4.19, 5.1, 5.3, 6.11, 6,15, 6.16, 6.17, 6.18, 6.20 & 6.21.
Other Figures which do not have copyright permission have nevertheless been retained because of broken links, image changes, or for the sake of clarity.
Keywords
Auditory perception, Hearing aids, Stethoscopes, Headphones, History, Technological innovations, Technology, Philosophy, Case studies, Giedion, S.(Sigfried), 1888-1968, Mechanization takes command : a contribution to anonymous history, Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 1908-1961, Phenomenology of perception, Ihde, Don, 1934-, Listening and voice : phenomenologies of sound