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Subject: search.filters.subject.450711 Te whenua, ahurea me te tuakiri o te Māori (Māori land, culture and identity)

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    Te papa noho-a-kupe : whakatere nga ripa tauarai : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Masters of Design at Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2025) Dunstall, Samuel
    Mātakitaki-a-Kupe, the southernmost tip of Te Ika-a-Māui is a physical convergence point of our atua Māori, the raw forces, thresholds and interface between their domains. The forest of Tāne bloom amongst the secluded valleys of Aorangi, his korowai for Papatūānuku. The oceans of Tangaroa crest high bringing life and death, and the waters of Parawhenuamea swirl and carve the land, toward the undercurrents of Hinemoana and acidify at the threshold. This wāhi tapu is a thin landing between maunga, moana, awa and ngāhere that amplifies the intensity of these collisions. Ngā Rā-a-Kupe tower over you and cascade down into the depths to join the giant wheke that led Kupe to Aotearoa. The many locations that bear the name of the great navigator Kupe represent the voyaging spirit of our ancestors, reminding us of where we come from, our connections across moana and the direction of our future - kia whakatōmuri te haere whakamua. The Ngā Rā-a-Kupe kaupapa, set out by Ngāti Hinewaka hapū of Ngāti Kahungunu ki Wairarapa provides the anchor stone for this rangahau Māori that connects ancestral knowledge, mātauranga Māori and re-emerging technologies to inform kaupapa Māori design. Centering the practices of tohunga hanga whare aims to ground this pātaka whakairinga kōrero in a shared whakapapa with the materials and narratives, understood through indigenous methods of wānanga, hīkoi, kōrero tuku iho, pūrākau, and whakatauki. The practice of the tohunga retains the sanctity of the whare and allows us to revitalise traditional knowledge through contemporary structures, ensuring that this practice retains and upholds the tikanga and kawa of the built form in te ao Māori. Painting the links between the whare and the waka draws into sight the voyage we are embarking on into the future, attuned to the knowledge of our ancestors.
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    He kura whenua, he kura reo, he kura tangata : relationships over time between the land, the language, and the people : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa, Turitea Campus, Massey University, Manawatū, Aotearoa
    (Massey University, 2024-11-12) Morris, Hone Waengarangi
    Taipitopito Kei tua o te kupu tā he kura whenua, he kura reo, he kura tangata is the fundamental inspiration of this research. The phrase implies beyond the written word, there lies another realm, another experience, another perspective. This research will explore the relationships over time between the land, he kura whenua, the language, he kura reo, and the people, he kura tāngata within the narratives pertaining to the lands and waterways, the language on the land and the tūpuna connected to the land blocks, Rākau-tātahi, Ōtāwhao, Whenuahou and Waikōpiro, in the Tamatea Central Hawke’s Bay tribal district, incorporating the townships of Takapau, Waipukurau, Waipawa, Porangahau and surrounding areas. The ultimate wish in pursuing this area of research is provide access to the historical account of how the hapū of the Rākautātahi, Takapau regions are connected to the land and each other. Through providing a detailed account of the ancestors movements, their settling of the lands, the daily activities and the intimate connection reflected in the kupu and the origins of place names left on the land, the present generation and future generations will forever be connected to the land and the language used by the ancestors to strengthen individual and collective identity fulfilling the fundamental aim of this thesis, he kura whenua, he kura reo, he kura tangata. The relationship between the land the language and the people is the primary focus of this research drawing on traditional Indigenous lore and natural order: from time immemorial Māori have believed, as with many Indigenous peoples, that they belong to the whenua rather than the colonised concept of the whenua which belonged to them. Reference to written law feeding the public domain and constraint of sovereign order will be applied for comparison and contrast through the unique narratives articulated by tūpuna from 1883 – 1892—when the four land blocks in this research were investigated—within the proceedings of the Native Land Court, Te Kōti Whenua Māori borne out of statutes, Native Lands Act of 1862 and given authoritative power under the Native Lands Act on 30 October 1865. The moods of the land, the river, and its tributaries, conveyed by the stories and the perspectives of tūpuna underlie this research. For centuries narratives were conveyed orally by tūpuna, from generation to generation through the lens of traditional Indigenous lore and of the natural order to strengthen understandings that all living things are connected; within that understanding Māori possessed an inseparable collective connection to the land, the waterways, and the stories. Rereata Makiha (2021) refers to a whakatauākī by Tūkakī Waititi sharing the same reasoning as tūpuna regarding inseparable collective connection to the land, the waterways, and their respective stories, “Kāhore he aha i hangatia, i ahu noa mai rānei kia noho wehe i tēnei ao, ahakoa matangaro ka mōhiotia te mauri” Nothing was ever created or emerged in this world to live in isolation, even a hidden face can be detected by its impact on something. This research dives into narratives expressed during times of peace and times of conflict, quintessentially revealing a mindset that once walked side by side with the Gods and communicated to all living things as a brother or a sister, a guardian or parent. This is the story of the hapū of Tamatea-Heretaunga district and their lived experiences with the land. The research draws largely on the evidence provided by tūpuna in Native Land Court cases from 1883 through to 1892. Fundamentally, this research embodies the adage that, “the land is in the language and the language is in the land”, kei te whenua te reo, kei te reo te whenua, a phrase borne out of initial discussions with Professor Cynthia White, Pro Vice Chancellor, College of Humanities and Social Sciences about my research which can be articulated together with the phrase, “the land remembers” Logan (1975). To this I add the following thought, “tukua te whenua kia kōrero”, let the land speak, a statement I made to a group of tourist operators 23/06/19 when explaining the Te Waha-o-te-Kurī educational kiosk based at the eastern end of the Manawatū gorge, at Ferry Reserve. This thesis answers the following question, “What was the relationship over time between the land, the language and the people within the specific land blocks bordering Te Awa Pokere-a-Tama-kuku and its tributaries?”
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    Measuring Māori identity and health : the cultural cohort approach : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Health at Massey University, Palmerston North, Aotearoa New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2023) Stevenson, Brendan
    Current statistical methods of disaggregating populations by ethnic or cultural identity wrongly assume cultural invariance within an ethnic population over time and place. Calculating risk factors between ethno-cultural populations also wrongly assumes homogeneity of risk, obscuring what may be distinct sub-populations with very different demographics, risk profiles, and health outcomes. The Cultural Cohort Approach (CCA) proposes a novel method for understanding within-ethnic population difference, whereby cultural identity is framed as the enduring membership of multiple related cultural cohorts, rather than the contextual and unstable measure of ethnic group affiliation currently used. It predicts that multiple cultural cohorts exist inside an ethno-cultural population, that these cultural cohorts are resilient and culturally distinct, exist over generations, and can divide at pre-existing social or economic stratifications in response to powerful external forces. The cultural cohort approach unites history, extant identity theories and research to identify and describe these within-ethnic cultural cohorts. The measurement of a Māori cultural cohort joins existing Māori identity research, historical documents, and personal accounts to enumerate distinct Māori cultural cohorts, describe relationships between cultural cohorts, and exclude unrelated cultural cohorts. Across three distinct components of this thesis the Cultural Cohort Approach (CCA) is first described and a worked example of its use in identifying Māori cultural cohorts given. Second, these hypothesised cultural cohorts were mapped to a cross-sectional data collection wave of Māori participants (n=3287, born between 1941 and 1955) from Massey University’s longitudinal Health, Work and Retirement (HWR) study in a test of the CCA’s predictive accuracy using latent class analysis. Third, longitudinal HWR study data for Māori participants (n=1252, born between 1941 and 1955) was used in a second worked example to test the stability of the predicted cultural cohorts using latent transition analyses and further refine the CCA. The Māori cultural cohorts identified using the CCA had clear narratives, shared cultural characteristics, and identifiable cultural differences that persisted across time as predicted. The CCA will allow researchers to better represent the diverse lived realities of ethno-cultural populations and support more nuanced analytical insights into how health and well-being is patterned between distinct cultural cohorts.
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    Prominent New Zealand flags and changing notions of identity : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2021) Mulholland, Malcolm
    Prominent flags have played an important role in signalling and generating collective identities in New Zealand’s history, but to date there has been little scholarly research in this field. This thesis investigates factors that have shaped attitudes towards prominent flags in New Zealand, and to what extent have they changed over time. It does so with reference to their role in promoting national identity in general, as well as investigating the role of flags in Māori communities. As such, there is also a particular focus on the role of flags acting as symbols of unity and dissent. The thesis argues that flags were adopted early by Māori and have continued to reflect a spectrum of Māori identities; that transnational influences are present regarding prominent flags in New Zealand, especially the influence of Australia; that the New Zealand Flag and Union Jack reflect a dual identity and a period of New Zealand identity coined as ‘recolonization’; that the New Zealand Flag is an example of an ‘invented tradition’ that was particularly prominent in arguing against changing the New Zealand Flag during the 2015/2016 flag referenda; and finally, it argues that New Zealand could be identified as a ‘teenager’ of ‘Mother Britain’, given the increasing number of citizens who are comfortable replacing the current New Zealand Flag.