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    Strategic flood hazard management : a planning process : case study Horowhenua : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Regional Planning at Massey University
    (Massey University, 1990) Bills, Kathleen Patricia
    This thesis uses the strategic planning process as a framework to derive a practical planning process for flood hazard management in the Horowhenua. The broad goal of the study is 'To Provide a Better Planning Process for Mitigating Flood Hazards in the Study Area of the Horowhenua.' The strategic planning process is used to develop an action plan for one particular organisation, the Manawatu Wanganui Regional Council, to help mitigate flood hazards in the Horowhenua. However, the principles identified in the process are of use to other organisations and for other geographic areas. A large part of achieving the broad goal of the study was to increase understanding of the flood hazard problem of the Horowhenua area. A large component of this thesis is therefore, the scanning of the environments relevant to the flood hazard problems. These environments include the physical, institutional and behavioural components of the flood hazard problem. From this scanning 'key issues' which help to further understand the problem are identified. These issues are taken into consideration in an action plan for one organisation. The action plan provides a process whereby the issues and the interrelationships between these issues are identified for consideration in flood hazard management. Planners of the organisation can link into the process, as resources become available, with the knowledge that the information they produce and subsequent action taken will link into an overall process. Although the thesis attempts to identify all the issues that need to be considered in a flood hazard management planning process, it still acknowledges that there will always be problems and uncertainties such as political and financial constraints limiting the process.
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    He mahere mō te oranga tonutanga o te hapū o Ngāti Pareraukawa : he pūhā rikiriki i kohikohingia i ngā one mahana o Raumātangi : he mea whakaemi ēnei kōrero e ētehi o ngā uri o Ngāti Pareraukawa / nāku, nā Petina Bray Winiata i tuitui ; nā mātou katoa o Ngāti Pareraukawa ēnei kōrero
    (Massey University, 2014) Winiata, Petina Bray
    Ka rere ngā whakaaro mō te pūtake o te oranga o te Māori kia mārama ki te āhua o ngā mahi, o ngā whaiaro o te Kotahitanga o Awa, o Raukawa, o Toa i roto i ngā tau. Nā whai anō i tū ai a Whakatupuranga Rua Mano, he mahere whakapakari i ngā iwi, mō ngā tau rua tekau mā rima i roto i ngā taonga tuku iho. E whā ngā mātāpono i ārahi i ngā mahi whakapakari o te Kotahitanga. He kura te tangata; whakapakaritia. Ko te marae te tino kāinga; tiakina. He taonga te reo; whakaorangia. Ko te tino rangatiratanga; whāia. He tini ngā hua o Whakapuranga Rua Mano i puta mō te oranga tonutanga o te Kotahitanga, o Ngāti Pareraukawa hoki. Kua pakari te mōhiotanga o ngā uri ki āna kōrero tuku iho. Kua whakapaipaitia ngā marae o te Kotahitanga. Kei te rangona, kei te kōrerotia, kei te kitea te reo. Kua whakaahuangia te tino rangatiratanga i te tūnga o Te Wānanga o Raukawa ki Ōtaki. Ka hipa te rua tekau mā rima tau, ka huri atu te Kotahitanga i te Pō, ki te Ao Mārama. Kāore i rerekē ēnei mahi whakaora i ngā mahi a ngā tūpuna. Matapaetia ana ka tū tētehi kawenga i te whatinga o te tukunga o ngā taonga tuku iho. Ko te whai o tēnei tohu kairangi, kia tū tētehi kawenga e whakaora ai te hapū o Ngāti Pareraukawa. Ka moe ngā mātāpono tekau o ngā tohu o te whare tupuna whakairo o Ngātokowaru i ngā mātāpono e whā o Whakatupuranga Rua Mano, ka puta ngā hua mō te oranga tonutanga o Ngāti Pareraukawa. Ki tēnei tuhinga, kua tohua ngā mahinga e whā tekau hei whai atu mā Ngāti Pareraukawa e tū ai te āronga o Ngāti Pareraukawa onamata, inamata, anamata.
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    GIS coupled water budget for spatial and temporal analysis of water resources : Horowhenua, New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science, Geography, School of People, Environment and Planning, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2011) Vale, Simon
    A spatially and temporally enhanced water budget was developed for and applied for Horowhenua, New Zealand for 2007, 2008 and 2009. High resolution daily precipitation surfaces were generated in ArcGIS along with daily actual evapotranspiration derived from the FAO Penman-Monteith equation. Gauged stream flows were used to derive surface outflows from a regression model. Groundwater level data were used to derive potentiometric surfaces, storage change from water table fluctuations (WTF) and hydraulic gradient which in turn were used to calculate groundwater outflow via Darcy’s Law. Annual groundwater storage change varied significantly with mean estimated values of -53.8, -23.9 and 42.5 Million cubic meters (Mcm) estimated for 2007, 2008 and 2009 respectively. Monthly storage had a higher variability, with values being greater in magnitude than net annual change. Total volume and rainfall pattern were identified as key explanations for the storage change behaviour. A low rainfall year inclines towards a negative storage change and a high rainfall year towards a positive storage change. However, a high rainfall year may have a negative recharge if storms occur whereby rainfall intensity is increased resulting in larger surface outflow as a percentage of rainfall. Resolution of GIS surfaces is very important for evapotranspiration which is affected by landuse, thus retention of spatial integrity with an appropriate resolution is important. Data availability was a major limitation to the potential of the GIS-coupled water budget technique, specifically a nonexistence of stream gauging stations in locations near the coast. Likewise, an absence of daily information for groundwater levels and water consumption data impeded the temporal resolution that could be achieved. This research has displayed the potential of a water budget coupled with high resolution GIS data to provide valuable information for water resources.
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    Hei whenua ora : hapū and iwi approaches for reinstating valued ecosystems within cultural landscape : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Māori Studies, at Massey University, Palmerston North, Aotearoa/New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2007) Smith, Susan Margaret
    The thesis focussed on whānau and hapū and how as a Māori community, they came together to exercise kaitiakitanga (active guardianship) over their fragmented ecosystems within agricultural and cultural landscapes. The research centred on key areas within an ancestral coastline remaining predominately in tribal tenure, between the Waiwiri Stream and Waikawa River in the south-west coastal region of Horowhenua, North Island. The region was once an extensive coastal forest, a series of dune lakes,lagoons and dune wetlands within a larger tribal region under the guardianship of hapū Ngāti Te Rangitāwhia, Te Mateawa, Ngāti Manu and Ngāti Kapumanawawhiti ki Kuku who affiliate to the iwi, Ngāti Tūkorehe. The research investigated intricate and complex environmental problems, assessed the extent of ecological decline in particular areas, and considered how well kaitiaki (as caretakers of the natural environment and their cultural landscapes) were dealing with the impact of fragmented systems with associated effects on their human condition. The methodological considerations aimed to achieve ecological and cultural restoration goals in a whole-of-person, whole-of-system context. What emerged from the action research process (grounded in a kaupapa and tikanga Māori epistemology of knowledge development supported by cross-indigenous perspective and international standards for ecological and human wellbeing) suggests that the restoration of fragmented ecological systems is interdependently related to the healing of a community, and reconnection with their natural and cultural landscape. Certain aspects of collaborative scientific endeavour documented water engineering activities that accelerated ecosystem decline. Such approaches to knowledge development also collated hydrological data on water quality and assessed remaining indigenous biodiversity for the extent of decline in the region. Narratives of place, within a braided cultural landscape concept underpinned a knowing of place and peoples' place within it as informed by both resident Māori and non-Māori recollections of encounter and change within lands and peoples. The visual and documentary component as complimentary research methods or catalysts for action, also detailed the projects. The combined expertise, knowledge and methods supported the commitment this thesis has, as a locally generated, iwi and hapū led research and practically orientated endeavour. It drew heavily on Māori concepts, local experiences and aspirations for environmental rehabilitation, with key case studies for rivers, coastlines, wetlands, with strategies for interrelated archaeological areas of significance. The approaches articulated new ways of doing things for remaining natural areas within a revered Māori cultural landscape. The thesis determined that iwi and hapū with long standing relationships with their natural environment are able to determine and effect significant ecological improvements, where sustainability of both the environment and people, can be enhanced. This is achieved through planned actions, shared vision, co-intelligence and co-management strategies. Active kaitiakitanga can therefore compliment developments while recognising economic and cultural imperatives - all for the sake of future tribal generations and the wider community.