Massey Documents by Type
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/294
Browse
15 results
Search Results
Item Does chronic oral contraceptive use detrimentally affect C-reactive protein or iron status for endurance-trained women?(Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society., 2023-07-24) Badenhorst CE; Govus AD; Mündel TPURPOSE: Chronic use of the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) is reported to increase C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in premenopausal females. METHODS: A secondary analysis of data from two research studies in eumenorrheic (n = 8) and OCP (n = 8) female athletes. Basal CRP and iron parameters were included in the analysis. Sample collection occurred following a standardized exercise and nutritional control for 24 h. Eumenorrheic females were tested in the early-follicular and mid-luteal phases, and the OCP users were tested in quasi-follicular and quasi-luteal phases (both active pill periods). RESULTS: A main effect for group (p < 0.01) indicated that average CRP concentration was higher in OCP users compared with eumenorrheic females, regardless of the day of measurement within the cycle. Results demonstrate a degree of iron parameters moderation throughout the menstrual cycle that is influenced by basal CRP levels; however, no linear relationship with CRP, serum iron, and ferritin was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Basal CRP values were consistently higher in the OCP group despite participants being in a rested state. These results may indicate a potential risk of cardiovascular disease in prolonged users of the OCP when compared to eumenorrheic female athletes.Item Relationship between vitamin D, iron, and hepcidin in premenopausal females, potentially confounded by ethnicity.(Springer Nature, 2023-08-29) Greenwood A; Von Hurst PR; Beck KL; Mazahery H; Lim K; Badenhorst CEPURPOSE: To investigate the associations between vitamin D, hepcidin, and iron status in premenopausal females of different ethnic cohorts residing in Auckland, New Zealand (NZ). METHODS: A total of 160 females aged 18-45 years participated in a cross-sectional study. Demographics, body composition, serum 25(OH)D, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, IL-6), and iron biomarkers (serum ferritin, haemoglobin, soluble transferrin receptor, and hepcidin) were measured. Comparisons between parametric, non-parametric, and categorical variables were completed by using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-squared tests, respectively. ANCOVA was used to compare serum 25(OH)D across iron parameter categories. RESULTS: Of the 160 participants, 60 were NZ European, 67 were South Asian, and 33 were from the 'other' ethnic groups. South Asians had significantly higher body fat percentage (BF%) and IL-6 concentration (38.34% and 1.66 pg·mL-1, respectively), compared to NZ Europeans (27.49% and 0.63 pg·mL-1, respectively, p < 0.001). South Asians had significantly lower 25(OH)D concentrations compared to NZ Europeans (33.59 nmol·L-1 vs 74.84 nmol·L-1, p < 0.001). In NZ Europeans, higher 25(OH)D concentration was seen in those with lower (≤ 3.5 nM) hepcidin concentration, p = 0.0046. In South Asians, higher 25(OH)D concentration was seen in those with higher (> 3.5 nM) hepcidin concentrations, p = 0.038. There were no associations between serum 25(OH)D and serum ferritin. CONCLUSION: Within South Asian women, an unexpected positive relationship between 25(OH)D and hepcidin concentration was observed which may be due to significantly higher IL-6 concentrations, BF%, and lower 25(OH)D concentrations. Future research is required to confirm these observations in this ethnic cohort.Item Internal Transcribed Spacer and 16S Amplicon Sequencing Identifies Microbial Species Associated with Asbestos in New Zealand(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2023-03-16) Doyle E; Blanchon D; Wells S; de Lange P; Lockhart P; Waipara N; Manefield M; Wallis S; Berry T-A; Henriques IInhalation of asbestos fibres can cause lung inflammation and the later development of asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma, and the use of asbestos is banned in many countries. In most countries, large amounts of asbestos exists within building stock, buried in landfills, and in contaminated soil. Mechanical, thermal, and chemical treatment options do exist, but these are expensive, and they are not effective for contaminated soil, where only small numbers of asbestos fibres may be present in a large volume of soil. Research has been underway for the last 20 years into the potential use of microbial action to remove iron and other metal cations from the surface of asbestos fibres to reduce their toxicity. To access sufficient iron for metabolism, many bacteria and fungi produce organic acids, or iron-chelating siderophores, and in a growing number of experiments these have been found to degrade asbestos fibres in vitro. This paper uses the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 16S amplicon sequencing to investigate the fungal and bacterial diversity found on naturally-occurring asbestos minerals, asbestos-containing building materials, and asbestos-contaminated soils with a view to later selectively culturing promising species, screening them for siderophore production, and testing them with asbestos fibres in vitro. After filtering, 895 ITS and 1265 16S amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs) were detected across the 38 samples, corresponding to a range of fungal, bacteria, cyanobacterial, and lichenized fungal species. Samples from Auckland (North Island, New Zealand) asbestos cement, Auckland asbestos-contaminated soils, and raw asbestos rocks from Kahurangi National Park (South Island, New Zealand) were comprised of very different microbial communities. Five of the fungal species detected in this study are known to produce siderophores.Item Baby Food Pouches, Baby-Led Weaning, and Iron Status in New Zealand Infants: An Observational Study.(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2024-05-15) McLean NH; Haszard JJ; Daniels L; Taylor RW; Wheeler BJ; Conlon CA; Beck KL; von Hurst PR; Te Morenga LA; McArthur J; Paul R; Katiforis I; Brown KJ; Gash MC; Rowan MM; Casale M; Cox AM; Jones EA; Jupiterwala RM; Bruckner B; Fleming L; Heath A-LM; Chen Y; Tran PV; Felt BTIron deficiency in infants can impact development, and there are concerns that the use of baby food pouches and baby-led weaning may impair iron status. First Foods New Zealand (FFNZ) was an observational study of 625 New Zealand infants aged 6.9 to 10.1 months. Feeding methods were defined based on parental reports of infant feeding at "around 6 months of age": "frequent" baby food pouch use (five+ times per week) and "full baby-led weaning" (the infant primarily self-feeds). Iron status was assessed using a venepuncture blood sample. The estimated prevalence of suboptimal iron status was 23%, but neither feeding method significantly predicted body iron concentrations nor the odds of iron sufficiency after controlling for potential confounding factors including infant formula intake. Adjusted ORs for iron sufficiency were 1.50 (95% CI: 0.67-3.39) for frequent pouch users compared to non-pouch users and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.45-1.87) for baby-led weaning compared to traditional spoon-feeding. Contrary to concerns, there was no evidence that baby food pouch use or baby-led weaning, as currently practiced in New Zealand, were associated with poorer iron status in this age group. However, notable levels of suboptimal iron status, regardless of the feeding method, emphasise the ongoing need for paying attention to infant iron nutrition.Item Effect of Amino Acid Supplementation on Iron Regulation after Endurance Exercise.(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2023-11-25) Lin C-A; Hayashi N; Badenhorst CE; Goto K; Rowlands DThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pre-exercise amino acid (AA) supplementation on post-exercise iron regulation. Ten healthy males participated under two different sets of conditions in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design with a washout period of at least 21 days. Participants received either an AA supplement or placebo (PLA) for five consecutive days (4 g/dose, 3 doses/day). On the sixth day, participants ran on a treadmill for 60 min at 70% of maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2max). Venous blood samples were collected before (baseline), immediately after, and 1 and 3 h after exercise. The serum hepcidin levels increased significantly 3 h post-exercise in both trials when compared to the baseline (p < 0.001), but the levels were not different between trials. The plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) level significantly increased immediately after exercise compared to the baseline (p < 0.001) and was significantly higher in the AA trial than in the PLA trial (p = 0.014). Moreover, the exercise-induced increase in serum glycerol level was significantly higher in the AA trial (21.20 ± 3.98 mg/L) than in the PLA trial (17.28 ± 4.47 mg/L, p = 0.017). No significant differences were observed between the AA and PLA trials for serum iron, ferritin, and total ketone body levels (p > 0.05). In conclusion, five days of AA supplementation augmented exercise-induced increases in IL-6 and glycerol in healthy males. However, it did not affect post-exercise iron status or regulation.Item Do Micronutrient and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements Affect Human Maternal Immunity during Pregnancy? A Scoping Review(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-01-15) Rees G; Brough L; Orsatti GM; Lodge A; Walker S; Pérez-Cano FJMaternal dietary micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids support development of the fetal and neonatal immune system. Whether supplementation is similarly beneficial for the mother during gestation has received limited attention. A scoping review of human trials was conducted looking for evidence of biochemical, genomic, and clinical effects of supplementation on the maternal immune system. The authors explored the literature on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from 2010 to the present day using PRISMA-ScR methodology. Full-length human trials in English were searched for using general terms and vitamin A, B12, C, D, and E; choline; iodine; iron; selenium; zinc; and docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid. Of 1391 unique articles, 36 were eligible for inclusion. Diverse biochemical and epigenomic effects of supplementation were identified that may influence innate and adaptive immunity. Possible clinical benefits were encountered in malaria, HIV infections, anemia, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, and preventing preterm delivery. Only limited publications were identified that directly explored maternal immunity in pregnancy and the effects of micronutrients. None provided a holistic perspective. It is concluded that supplementation may influence biochemical aspects of the maternal immune response and some clinical outcomes, but the evidence from this review is not sufficient to justify changes to current guidelines.Item Starting complementary feeding with vegetables only increases vegetable acceptance at 9 months: a randomized controlled trial(Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition, 2022-07-09) Rapson JP; Von Hurst PR; Hetherington MM; Mazahery H; Conlon CABACKGROUND: Starting complementary feeding (CF) with vegetables only may improve vegetable acceptance throughout childhood. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to test whether exposure to vegetables only during the first 4 wk of CF increases later vegetable acceptance compared with a control group receiving fruit and vegetables. METHODS: In this randomized, controlled, parallel-group study, 117 Auckland infants received either vegetables only (veg-only, n = 61) or a combination of fruit and vegetables (control, n = 56) for a duration of 4 wk, starting from the first day of CF at ∼4-6 mo of age. The primary outcome measure was intake of target vegetables (broccoli, spinach) provided by the study at 9 mo of age. Daily intake of vegetables (FFQs) at 9 mo was a supporting measure. Infants' iron status (serum ferritin, hemoglobin) was examined at all time points. RESULTS: The veg-only infants consumed more broccoli and spinach than controls [mean difference (95% CI): 11.83 (0.82, 22.84) g, P = 0.036 and 10.19 (0.50, 19.87) g, P = 0.039, respectively]. Intake of pear was comparable among intervention groups (P = 0.35). At 9 mo, veg-only infants consumed target vegetables at a faster rate [mean difference (95% CI): broccoli, 3.37 (1.26, 5.47), P = 0.002; spinach, 4.12 (0.80, 7.45), P = 0.016] and showed greater acceptance for target vegetables [mean difference (95% CI): broccoli, 0.38 (0.07, 0.70), P = 0.019; spinach, 032 (0.04, 0.60), P = 0.024] than controls. The rate of eating and acceptance of pear was comparable among intervention groups (P = 0.42 and P = 0.98, respectively). Also, veg-only infants consumed more vegetables than controls [86.3 (52.5, 146.3) compared with 67.5 (37.5, 101.3) g, respectively, P = 0.042]. Introducing vegetables as the first food was not associated with 9-mo iron status. CONCLUSIONS: Providing vegetables as first foods increased vegetable intake at 9 mo of age and may be an effective strategy for improving child vegetable consumption and developing preferences for vegetables in infancy.Item Influence of an energy deficient and low carbohydrate acute dietary manipulation on iron regulation in young females(Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society, 2022-07) Hayashi N; Ishibashi A; Iwata A; Yatsutani H; Badenhorst C; Goto KHepcidin is a liver-derived hormone that regulates iron metabolism. Recent studies suggest that an energy-deficient diet or low carbohydrate (CHO) availability may increase hepcidin in the absence of inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of either an energy-deficient diet or an ED diet with low CHO intake during three consecutive days on hepcidin responses, hematological variables, and energy metabolism in young Japanese women. Twenty-two young females were divided into two different groups, either an energy-deficient with low CHO intake group (ED + LCHO; 2.0 ± 0.3 g/kg/day CHO, 39%CHO, 1123 kcal/day) or an energy deficient with moderate CHO intake group (ED; 3.4 ± 0.3 g/kg/day CHO, 63%CHO, 1162 kcal/day). During the three consecutive days of the dietary intervention program, participants consumed only the prescribed diet and maintained their habitual physical activity levels. Body composition, substrate oxidation, iron metabolism, and inflammation were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Serum iron and ferritin levels were significantly elevated following the intervention (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels did not change following the intervention. Serum hepcidin levels significantly increased after the intervention (p = 0.002). Relative change in hepcidin levels was significantly higher in the ED + LCHO (264.3 ± 87.2%) than in the ED group (68.9 ± 22.1%, p = 0.048). Three consecutive days of an energy-deficient diet increased fasting hepcidin levels. Moreover, elevated hepcidin levels were further augmented when an energy-deficient diet was combined with a lower CHO intake.Item Iron deficiency and risk factors in pre-menopausal females living in Auckland, New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics, Massey University, Albany, New Zealand(Massey University, 2019) Lim, KimberleyBackground: Iron Deficiency (ID) is the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide, affecting one third of the world’s population. In New Zealand (NZ), the highest rates are found within pre-menopausal females, with previously identified risk factors for ID including low meat intake, heavy menstruation and blood donation. Emerging risk factors such as inflammation and obesity are yet to be explored in NZ, along with the master hormone of iron regulation, hepcidin. Objectives: To describe iron and hepcidin status within premenopausal females, and identify risk factors for ID. Methods: Females (n=170) aged 18–45 were recruited. Biomarkers of iron status were measured: Serum ferritin (Sf), haemoglobin, soluble transferrin receptor, hepcidin as well as inflammatory markers C-reactive protein and interluekin-6. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and lifestyle factors were assessed using questionnaires, including a previously validated food frequency questionnaire. Variables known to potentially influence iron status were entered into multiple linear regression analysis to identify predictors of Sf. Results: Iron deficiency was confirmed in 55.8% of participants (Sf < 30µg·L-1). Prevalence of ID did not differ significantly (p=0.141) between South Asians (64.3%), NZ Europeans (51.6%), and those of other ethnicities (45.5%). Hepcidin concentrations were higher in those who were iron sufficient (Sf ≥ 30µg·L-1) (6.62nM vs 1.17nM, p<0.001). South Asian females had higher hepcidin (8.78nM) concentrations, compared to NZ Europeans (6.28nM) and those of other ethnicities (4.89nM) (p=0.026). The higher hepcidin concentrations in South Asian participants are possibly associated with these participants having a higher BMI (p<0.001), body fat percentage (p<0.001) and interlukein-6 (p<0.001) than NZ Europeans and other ethnicities. Hepcidin (β=0.082, p<0.001) and frequency of meat intake (β=0.058, p=0.001) were identified as significant predictors of Sf in NZ Europeans. Hepcidin was the only identified predictor of Sf in South Asians (β=0.138, p<0.001) and those of other ethnicities (β=0.117, p<0.002). Conclusion: The study confirms a positive relationship between hepcidin and Sf in NZ females, highlighting hepcidin’s potential as an emerging biomarker to identify ID. Furthermore, there were differences in hepcidin levels between ethnicities, which may be linked to higher levels of body fat and inflammation.Item Salicylaldoxime derivatives for new magnetic materials : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Chemistry at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand(Massey University, 2019) Woodhouse, SidneySalicylaldoxime (H₂Sao) is an appealing unit for metal ion coordination, specifically that of transition metal (3d) ions. During this research, four ligands were synthesised, of which two were previously unknown (L2 and L3). These ligands differed by the secondary amine added to the simple H₂Sao molecule. These H₂Sao derived ligands were complexed with a variety of 3d ions, resulting in three distinct topologies: mononuclear, triangular, and defective dicubane. The nine new complexes (C1-C9) synthesised were all structurally characterised, with Mössbauer spectroscopy performed on the iron complexes, and magnetic characterisation performed on complexes C1-C6, C8-C9. Analysis of the synthesised complexes has led to new insights into magnetostructural correlations and new pathways to unique ligand designs.