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    How indigenous systems and emergent leadership in the tourism sector in Vanuatu contribute to resilience in the face of shocks : a research report presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Masters of International Development at Massey University Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2024-03-10) Gadsby, Wade
    The Covid-19 pandemic severely challenged the tourism-dependent economies of Small Island States. Vanuatu’s international borders were closed for two years and, with tourism income making up almost half of the country's GDP, the people of Vanuatu had to adapt to survive. Historically, Pacific Island nations have adapted and worked well through crisis events, and this study examines how Pacific people have utilised Indigenous resilience systems to respond to recent shocks. In particular, it examines how ‘emergent leadership’, defined in the literature as managing uncertainty and mitigating crisis factors (Hunt, 2019), can help to achieve resilience in the face of crises. The research sought to define key components of both emergent leadership and resilience in the tourism sphere in Vanuatu, and it highlighted the role that emergent leadership plays within the Tourism Resilience Framework – a novel approach to operationalising an Indigenous values set in the tourism sphere. This research found that there were certain key factors that contributed to resilience in Pacific contexts, specifically: traditional knowledge (kastom nolej); the informal economy (kastom ekonomi); and Plan B (vanua). These factors have been central to past adaptation in the face of crises and could inform future responses to shocks and stressors. It also found that emergent leadership materialises in a crisis, showcasing the traits of a comprehensive understanding of the situation, adaptability, passion, and also through the use of storytelling as a means to convey change – particularly in the instances of slow-burn crises. The interaction of emergent leadership's traits and key factors of resilience are portrayed through a pawpaw tree metaphor, illustrating how they inform the necessary elements of effective adaptation in the face of shocks and stressors
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    Rethinking resilient futures for Nordic tourism
    (Taylor and Francis Group, 2024-10-19) Hall CM; Saarinen J; Seyfi S; Hall CM; Saarinen J; Seyfi S
    Amid escalating environmental degradation, geopolitical and geoeconomic instability, and the structural vulnerabilities exposed by COVID-19 pandemic, resilience has become a central concern in tourism scholarship and policymaking. This introduction and the associated special issue examine how resilience is conceptualised and operationalised in Nordic tourism contexts. It demonstrates that resilience is not a neutral or universally shared idea or goal. The contributions in the special issue highlight how resilience emerges through social innovation in second-home destinations, communication strategies of destination management organisations, biodiversity-oriented leadership in national policy frameworks, post-disaster recovery and transformation processes, and the role of change agency under crisis conditions. These studies offer a multi-scalar view of resilience and reveal how institutional constraints, governance dynamics, and power asymmetries between different actors and scales shape what forms of resilience are possible and included or excluded. Based on this, there is a need to challenge often dominant instrumental and recovery-oriented uses of the concept and call for a more inclusive, ecologically grounded, and politically sensitive research agenda. By synthesising these insights and outlining future directions for resilience research in Nordic tourism, we call for moving beyond managerial framings to engage with the socio-ecological, political, and spatial conditions shaping tourism futures.
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    Navigating precarity : Korean migrants’ experiences and resilience within formal and informal systems in Aotearoa New Zealand : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2025) Shin, Eun-Hye
    Migration has occurred throughout human history for a range of reasons. Today, various cultures and persons continue to come into closer proximity with one another through their migratory journeys; and the resulting complexities of resettlement warrant further investigation. This thesis explores the lived experiences of precariat Korean migrants in Aotearoa New Zealand, focusing on how participants navigate formal (government) and informal (community) support systems to obtain necessities of life. Drawing insights from Narrative Psychology, I investigate how Korean migrants story cultural values and systemic barriers that inform their strategies for addressing the socioeconomic adversities they face as members of the emergent precariat class. This study documents the experiences of three cases from Korean migrant women who were engaged through four waves of semi-structured enhanced interviews (n=12) using drawing and photo-elicitation exercises. Key findings reveal that barriers related to government policies and systems, such as visa restrictions, precarious employment, and limited access to welfare services can exacerbate settlement challenges. Although the extent of participant engagements with Korean community support systems varied, all articulated these cultural support systems as a key source of resources for their obtaining necessities of successful resettlement. This study contributes to knowledge regarding the nuances of migrant precarity by documenting how households obtained employment, housing, food and emotional support through the re-articulation of core Confucian and Christian cultural principles, 관계 (gwangye; 關係 guanxi; relationship or connections); 인 (in; 仁 ren; benevolence); 체면 (chemyeon; 臉 lian; face); 예 (ye; 禮 li; ritual propriety); 효 (hyo; 孝 xiao; filial piety); 충 (chung; 忠 zhong; allegiance); 정 (jeong; affection and attachment); 양심 (yangshim; moral conscience) and 자비심 (jabishim; merciful heart). The informal system formed within the Korean community emerged as a source for material, psychological, spiritual and cultural buffers against precarity, underscoring the significance of re-articulations of Korean cultural values and relational practices of mutual support in diaspora. Cumulatively, insights generated from research such as this can inform future research and policy developments to enhance support for Korean and other migrant communities navigating precarity in Aotearoa New Zealand.
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    Out of habitat marine mammals – Identification, causes, and management recommendations
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2025-07) Nunny L; Bossley M; Boys RM; Brakes P; Genov T; Parsons ECM; Peters KJ; Rose NA; Simeone CA; Stockin KA; Vail CS; van der Linde K; Visser IN; Simmonds MP
    An out of habitat (OOH) marine mammal is an individual found outside of their natural range, e.g., an Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) along the coastline of mainland Europe, or an individual within their natural range in habitat that is not optimal for their health or survival due to a lack of suitable conditions and/or because of potential conflict with humans. As the number of OOH marine mammals appears to be increasing, and following on from two international workshops, here we define what constitutes an OOH marine mammal and provide a detailed assessment of potential drivers. Climate change, habitat loss and/or degradation, disturbance, changes in prey distribution, and morbidity may all be reasons for a marine mammal being OOH. Appropriate management of OOH marine mammals is considered. This may simply involve monitoring to better understand the situation, to protect the welfare of the animal(s) and to ensure that members of the public are kept safe. However, on occasion, further intervention may be required, such as providing safe areas for the OOH marine mammal(s), encouraging the animal(s) to move, capture and translocation, or euthanasia. Regardless of the action taken, educating and communicating with the public are key elements of OOH marine mammal management. Lessons can be learned from human-wildlife conflict and rewilding scenarios. The potential for OOH marine mammals to be pioneers seeking new habitat, contributing to species resilience in the face of rapidly changing environments, and how to include them in conservation legislation and management planning are considered.
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    A new volcanic multi-hazard impact model for water supply systems: Application at Taranaki Mounga, Aotearoa New Zealand
    (Elsevier B.V., 2024-12-24) Porter H; Wilson TM; Weir A; Stewart C; Craig HM; Wild AJ; Paulik R; Fairclough R; Buzzella M
    Water supply systems provide an essential service for society and are highly vulnerable to damage and disruption during volcanic eruptions. Impacts sustained by water supply systems during volcanic eruptions have resulted in prolonged and repeated supply outages. Previous approaches to assessing volcanic impacts to water supply systems have been relatively simplistic, based on hazard intensity thresholds, and only considering direct damage. There is a need for water supply risk assessment approaches informed by vulnerability models that consider the pivotal role of system design and indirect impacts; such as supply and demand fluctuations, personnel shortages, and disruptions to interdependent infrastructure networks. We present a whole-of-system volcanic vulnerability model and impact assessment framework for water supply systems that can be used to estimate system-wide impacts during future volcanic eruptions. This model is developed in collaboration with volcanic risk researchers and water supply engineers in Aotearoa New Zealand and applied to a case study in the Taranaki region for a long-duration and multi-hazard eruption scenario from the active stratovolcano Taranaki Mounga. The model provides an assessment of the functionality of water supply systems affected directly and indirectly by the scenario eruption, interdependent critical infrastructure services, and associated emergency management actions (e.g., evacuations). This scenario, and its modelled impacts, allows practitioners to explore potential mitigation and emergency response options. This framework can be applied in other volcanic contexts to assess impacts on water supplies from future eruptions, highlight key systemic vulnerabilities, and provide a basis for the prioritisation and implementation of risk management strategies.
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    A-HERO: Integrating Authenticity into the Psychological Capital Model
    (Springer Nature, 2024-08-01) Sutton A; Roemer A
    Authenticity was proposed as a potential addition to the Psychological Capital construct several years ago, but the PsyCap model has not yet been expanded. We review the theoretical and empirical support for the inclusion of authenticity and test this proposal in two studies. Study 1 examines the structural model of A-HERO (Authenticity, Hope, Efficacy, Resilience, Optimism) as an extended representation of the PsyCap construct. Study 2 tests the extent to which A-HERO may explain well-being. CFA demonstrates that the addition of authenticity provides slight improvement in overall PsyCap model fit. Hierarchical regression shows that the addition of authenticity to the PsyCap model improves the explanation of well-being, with beta values of comparable size to optimism and greater than efficacy. We therefore recommend that authenticity be included in PsyCap to provide a more holistic understanding of personal resources and to enable the further identification of interactions and potential synergies amongst A-HERO components.
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    Buffering and facilitative factors for posttraumatic stress and flourishing among New Zealand Defence Force personnel : a longitudinal study : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology at Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2024-11-01) Bryson (Allen), Daniel
    Substantial heterogeneity exists in individual responses to trauma. Reactions to operational deployments by service personnel appear to be no exception. The present research has sought to explore the links that potentially traumatic deployment experiences (PTDEs) have with posttraumatic stress (PTS) and flourishing. Further, the impacts of adaptive health behaviours (physical activity, nutrition, and sleep) and social support (from close others or from military leadership) upon the relationships that PTDEs have with PTS and flourishing were explored. Surveys were conducted 3 years apart with 313 New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) postdeployment personnel and reports were analysed. A positive relationship was found between PTDEs and PTS, and a nonsignificant relationship between PTDEs and flourishing. Significant associations were also found between 1) adaptive health behaviours, social support, and leadership support, and 2) PTS and flourishing, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Mixed support was found for the moderating effects of social support and adaptive health behaviours on the relationships that PTDEs had with PTS and flourishing. Finally, PTS was found to moderate the relationship between PTDEs and flourishing. Conclusions on how the present findings converge and build upon past research, and the unique contributions of leadership support, as well as the effects of PTS on the relationship between PTDEs with flourishing, are discussed.
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    Evaluating Te Reo Tuakiri : acceptance and commitment therapy in a schools-based resilience programme in Aotearoa : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Clinical Psychology at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
    (Massey University, 2024-08-08) Burt, Regan
    The mental health of Aotearoa’s (New Zealand) rangatahi (young people) has received considerable attention in recent years due to increasing rates of psychological distress and suicidality. Evidence shows these difficulties are greater for Māori and Pacific rangatahi and those living in low socioeconomic areas. The New Zealand government’s 2018 inquiry into mental health recommended implementing early intervention programmes in schools to help rangatahi learn about mental health and develop skills to build their resilience. One such intervention is Te Reo Tuakiri, a new resilience programme offered to rangatahi in secondary schools across Aotearoa. Run by the bi-lingual social impact organisation M3, the content of Te Reo Tuakiri is informed by Te Ao Māori (Māori worldview) models of wellbeing and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). The programme utilises a tuakana-teina (relationship between an older person and a younger person) approach, whereby the rangatahi learn resilience skills and pūrākau (Māori legends) which they then go on to teach to tamariki (children) at a nearby kindergarten. This thesis evaluated the Te Reo Tuakiri programme’s inaugural offerings in two secondary schools in Tamaki Makaurau (Auckland). The aims of this evaluation were to investigate the effect the Te Reo Tuakiri programme was having on participant resilience and psychological flexibility and to investigate participants’ experiences, understandings, and practices of ACT processes as taught in the programme, alongside their cultural applicability. To achieve these aims this research took a mixed-methods approach to evaluation and involved the quantitative analysis of measures of resilience and psychological flexibility at three time points, alongside thematic analysis of focus groups with students and facilitators following completion of the programmes. The main findings of this study showed improvement in participants resilience from pre- to post-programme with a medium effect size. However, the participants did not see a significant difference in their psychological flexibility across the programme (pre to post), though there was a medium effect size from pre- to mid-programme. Further, no significant correlation was found between measures of resilience and psychological flexibility at any of the three time points. The qualitative portion of this study helped to provide some context to these findings. The themes generated highlighted instances where students provided evidence of several ACT-congruent perspectives that were beneficial in helping rangatahi better manage their private experiences and act on these newly developed skills. However, there were also instances where students expressed ACT-incongruent perspectives. The qualitative analysis also provided support for the programmes cultural applicability and demonstrated the successful adaptation of ACT processes for a Māori cultural context. Taken together, these findings demonstrate support for the Te Reo Tuakiri programme as an effective resilience intervention and adds to a small pool of research indicating ACT may be an appropriate intervention for addressing the mental health needs of rangatahi in Aotearoa. Limitations of the present study as well as recommendations for Te Reo Tuakiri and areas of future research are also presented.
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    A unified framework for evaluating the resilience of critical infrastructure: Delphi survey approach
    (Elsevier B.V., 2024-06-26) Rathnayaka B; Robert D; Adikariwattage V; Siriwardana C; Meegahapola L; Setunge S; Amaratunga D
    This study advocates establishing an indicator system for Critical Infrastructure (CI) resilience assessment to ensure consistency and comparability in future endeavors. Resilience has emerged as a fundamental framework for effectively managing the performance of CIs in response to the challenges posed by disaster events. However, it is evident that a lack of uniformity exists in the choice and standardization of resilience assessment across the identified frameworks. This paper proposes key attributes for facilitating resilience assessment of CIs using an in-depth literature survey for identification and two rounds of Delphi survey in the Sri Lankan context for their verification. The literature survey has analyzed the resilience assessment attributes under four types of capacities: planning (anticipative), absorptive, restorative, and adaptive. Twenty-seven resilience attributes (Planning: 6; Absorptive: 12; Restorative: 6; Adaptive: 3) under different capacities were identified, including sub-indicators for evaluating each resilience attribute. Outcomes of the Delphi survey were analyzed through descriptive statistics. The proposed attributes received high levels of agreement from the experts, indicating their suitability and applicability for assessing the resilience of the CIs. The mean ratings of the attributes varied from 4.0 to 5.0, with the majority exceeding 4.5 out of 5. The evaluation of these attributes will be useful for assessing the resilience capacity of the CIs and thereby to model the overall resilience of the CIs. The results of this study will provide a solid basis for formulating hypotheses in future research aimed at assessing CI resilience.
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    Predictors of tree damage and survival in agroforests after major cyclone disturbance in Fiji
    (Springer Nature, 2024-03-12) McGuigan A; Tora M; Tikonavuli V; Ticktin T
    This study explores the resilience and damage dynamics of agroforests, a critically important yet understudied agroecological system, in the aftermath of Category-5 Cyclone Winston in Fiji. As agroforestry gains prominence globally as a versatile production system able to support agrobiodiversity and food security for climate resilience, understanding the characteristics that contribute to its resistance and resilience to disturbance becomes increasingly important. Here we examine the effects of individual and species-specific traits, and management (planted and fallow vs forest areas) on the probability of tree stem survival and damage, and discuss the resistant and resilient qualities of trees and management actions in these systems. We found that the probability of post-cyclone survival increased as a function of wood density, irrespective of management type. Damage severity increased with tree size (diameter at breast height). Some of the species with the highest wood density were native trees, emphasizing the role of native species in agroforests, and the value of agroforests to conservation. Overall, agroforest trees experienced relatively low stem mortality (12.2%), suggesting that these agroforests may resist extreme disturbances despite their potential vulnerabilities such as landscape edge effects and altered species compositions. Our study provides insight into the potential of agroforests as resilient agroecological systems capable of withstanding escalating cyclone intensities, and the role of effective management strategies for fostering resilience amid a rapidly changing climate.