Living in two worlds : how tourism has influenced the Balinese worldview of Tri Hita Karana : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Social Anthropology at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
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Date
2011
DOI
Open Access Location
Authors
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Publisher
Massey University
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Abstract
This
thesis
readdresses
the
scarcity
of
research
that
relates
to
the
role
and
influence
of
tourism
on
the
Balinese
worldview
of
Tri
Hita
Karana.
It
achieves
this
principally
through
an
ethnographic
study
of
a
specific
Balinese
community.
Three
specific
objectives
were
fulfilled;
(a)
to
develop
a
clearer
understanding
of
the
origin
and
evolution
of
the
philosophy
and
how
it
has
been
applied
in
contemporary
Bali
(b)
how
the
different
pillars
of
this
philosophy
have
been
affected
by
the
processes
of
tourism
(c)
to
provide
insight
into
the
reasons
why
the
application
of
the
philosophy
in
a
practical
context
is
challenging.
Interviews
were
conducted
with
Balinese
living
within
the
tourist
community
of
Nyuh
Kuning.
The
interviews
focused
on
their
relationship
and
interaction
with
the
Tri
Hita
Karana
philosophy
and
how
tourism
had
influenced
this.
Recurrent
themes
from
these
interviews
were
identified,
documented
and
analyzed.
Key
conclusions
drawn
from
the
results
imply;
(a)
that
the
processes
of
tourism
have
had
both
a
positive
and
negative
influence
on
the
three
different
pillars
of
this
worldview
(b)
the
community
continues
to
apply
and
reinforce
the
Tri
Hita
Karana
in
a
spiritual
and
metaphorical
sense
but
simultaneously
struggles
to
maintain
within
a
practical
context
a
sense
of
harmony
and
balance
with
others
and
the
natural
environment
(c)
the
understanding
and
application
of
the
philosophy
needs
to
be
reexamined
if
it
is
to
be
effective
in
promoting
balance
and
harmony
in
both
the
spiritual
and
material
world.
This
thesis
proposes
recommendations
for
this
worldview
to
be
applied
in
a
more
realistic
and
concrete
framework
that
enables
its
guiding
principles
to
adapt
and
absorb
the
ongoing
processes
of
tourism.
Description
Keywords
Balinese philosophy, Tri Hita Karana, Effects of tourism, Balinese worldview, Bali, Nyuh Kuning