Investigating eating behaviours as predictors of body composition and dietary intake in New Zealand European, Māori and Pacific women - the women's EXPLORE study : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics, Massey University, Albany, New Zealand

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dc.contributor.authorShepherd, Katrina Jade
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-14T21:44:07Z
dc.date.available2019-10-14T21:44:07Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractBackground/Aim: Internationally, eating behaviour has been linked with an optimal and adverse body composition in women. However no study to date has examined eating behaviour in female New Zealand ethnic groups. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate eating behaviours as predictors of different body composition factors and dietary intake in New Zealand European (NZE), Māori and Pacific women, aged 16-45 years, participating in the women’s EXPLORE study. Methods: Women (N=368) were assessed for basic anthropometry, total adiposity, regional adipose distribution and lean mass using height, weight, circumferences, dual x-ray absorptiometry and air-displacement plethysmography. Body composition profiles (normal-fat, hidden-fat and apparent-fat) were established using parameters of body mass indices and body fat percentages. The validated Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and New Zealand Women’s Food Frequency Questionnaire were both used to examine eating behaviour and dietary intake, respectively. The TFEQ examined Restraint (Flexible and Rigid), Disinhibition (Habitual, Emotional and Situational) and Hunger (Internal and External). Combinations of behaviour (sub-groups) were established from the main categories and also examined. Results: Restraint was significantly higher in NZE than Pacific women (p = 0.015). Disinhibition was significantly higher in the apparent-fat profile than normal-fat profile (p < 0.001). Likewise, Hunger was significantly higher in Pacific (p < 0.001) and the apparent-fat profile (p = 0.034) than NZE women and women with normal-fat profile, respectively. Adverse tendencies of Habitual Disinhibition, and External Hunger were more prominent in Pacific and the apparent-fat profile than NZE women and normal-fat profile, respectively (all p < 0.05). External Hunger was more prominent in the hidden-fat profile than normal-fat profile (p = 0.001). When accounting for age and ethnicity the most significant predictors of BMI and BF % were Restraint (p = 0.007 and p = 0.005 respectively), Disinhibition (both p < 0.001), Habitual Disinhibition (both p < 0.001) and Emotional Disinhibition (both p < 0.001). Non-ideal behaviour combinations (Low Restraint High Disinhibition and High Hunger High Disinhibition) generally corresponded to significantly higher body composition markers and dietary intake (p < 0.05). Pacific women were three times more likely to have High Hunger High Disinhibition than NZE women (p = 0.004). Low Restraint High Disinhibition and High Hunger High Disinhibition increased by 12% and 11%, respectively from the normal-fat profile to hidden-fat profile (both p < 0.001). Conclusions: The TFEQ eating behaviour categories, sub-categories and sub-groups can significantly vary between ethnicities and body composition groups. Tailored interventions to promote Restraint (particularly Flexible Restraint) and counteract Disinhibition (particularly Habitual Disinhibition and Emotional Disinhibition), Hunger (particularly External Hunger), Low Restraint High Disinhibition and High Hunger High Disinhibition could enhance eating behaviour and dietary intake and help optimise weight management in young New Zealand women.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10179/14993
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMassey Universityen_US
dc.rightsThe Authoren_US
dc.subjectWomenen_US
dc.subjectNutritionen_US
dc.subjectNew Zealanden_US
dc.subjectWomen, Maorien_US
dc.subjectWomen, Polynesianen_US
dc.subjectFood habitsen_US
dc.subjectPsychological aspectsen_US
dc.subjectAppetiteen_US
dc.subjectPhysiological aspectsen_US
dc.subjectBody compositionen_US
dc.subjectIngestionen_US
dc.subjectRegulationen_US
dc.subjectNutrition surveysen_US
dc.subjectEating behaviouren_US
dc.subjectBody composition profilesen_US
dc.subjectNew Zealand womenen_US
dc.titleInvestigating eating behaviours as predictors of body composition and dietary intake in New Zealand European, Māori and Pacific women - the women's EXPLORE study : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Nutrition and Dietetics, Massey University, Albany, New Zealanden_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
massey.contributor.authorShepherd, Katrina Jade
thesis.degree.disciplineNutrition and Dieteticsen_US
thesis.degree.levelMastersen_US
thesis.degree.nameMaster of Science (MSc)en_US
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