Quantification of denitrification rate in shallow groundwater using the single-well, push-pull test technique

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dc.citation.issueFebruary 2025
dc.citation.volume269
dc.contributor.authorRivas A
dc.contributor.authorSingh R
dc.contributor.authorHorne D
dc.contributor.authorRoygard J
dc.contributor.authorMatthews A
dc.contributor.authorHedley M
dc.coverage.spatialNetherlands
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T20:37:23Z
dc.date.available2025-01-27T20:37:23Z
dc.date.issued2025-02
dc.description.abstractDenitrification has been identified as a significant nitrate attenuation process in groundwater systems. Hence, accurate quantification of denitrification rates is consequently important for the better understanding and assessment of nitrate contamination of groundwater systems. There are, however, few studies that have investigated quantification of shallow groundwater denitrification rates using different analytical approaches or assuming different kinetic reaction models. In this study, we assessed different analytical approaches (reactant versus product) and kinetic reaction (zero-order and first-order) models analysing observations from a single-well, push-pull tests to quantify denitrification rates in shallow groundwater at two sites in the ManawatÅ« River catchment, Lower North Island of New Zealand. Shallow groundwater denitrification rates analysed using the measurements of denitrification reactant (nitrate reduction) and zero-order kinetic models were quantified at 0.42-1.07 mg N L-1 h-1 and 0.05-0.12 mg N L-1 h-1 at the Palmerston North (PNR) and Woodville (WDV) sites, respectively. However, using first-order kinetic models, the denitrification rates were quantified at 0.03-0.09 h-1 and 0.002-0.012 h-1 at the PNR and WDV sites, respectively. These denitrification rates based on the measurements of denitrification reactant (nitrate reduction) were quantified significantly higher (6 to 60 times) than the rates estimated using the measurements of denitrification product (nitrous oxide production). However, the denitrification rate quantified based on the nitrate reduction may provide representative value of denitrification characteristics of shallow groundwater systems. This is more so when lacking practical methods to quantify all nitrogen species (i.e., total N, organic N, nitrite, nitrate, ammoniacal N, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, and nitrogen gas) in a push-pull test. While estimates of denitrification rates also differed depending on the kinetic model used, both a zero-order and a first-order model appear to be valid to analyse and estimate denitrification rate from push-pull tests. However, a discrepancy in estimates of denitrification rates using either reactant or product and using zero- or first-order kinetics models may have implications in assessment of nitrate transport and transformation in groundwater systems. This necessitates further research and analysis for appropriate measurements and representation of spatial and temporal variability in denitrification characteristics of the shallow groundwater system.
dc.description.confidentialfalse
dc.format.pagination104500-
dc.identifier.author-urlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39842221
dc.identifier.citationRivas A, Singh R, Horne D, Roygard J, Matthews A, Hedley M. (2025). Quantification of denitrification rate in shallow groundwater using the single-well, push-pull test technique.. J Contam Hydrol. 269. February 2025. (pp. 104500-).
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104500
dc.identifier.eissn1873-6009
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.issn0169-7722
dc.identifier.number104500
dc.identifier.piiS0169-7722(25)00005-1
dc.identifier.urihttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/72414
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherElsevier BV, Amsterdam
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169772225000051
dc.relation.isPartOfJ Contam Hydrol
dc.rights(c) The author/sen
dc.rights.licenseCC BY-NC-NDen
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectAgriculture
dc.subjectDenitrification
dc.subjectNitrate attenuation
dc.subjectShallow groundwater
dc.subjectWater quality
dc.titleQuantification of denitrification rate in shallow groundwater using the single-well, push-pull test technique
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id499450
pubs.organisational-groupOther
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