Growth performance, antibody response, and mammary gland development in New Zealand dairy replacement bovine heifers fed low or high amounts of unpasteurized whole milk

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dc.citation.issue10
dc.citation.volume100
dc.contributor.authorKhan MA
dc.contributor.authorHeiser A
dc.contributor.authorMaclean PH
dc.contributor.authorLeath SR
dc.contributor.authorLowe KA
dc.contributor.authorMolenaar AJ
dc.coverage.spatialUnited States
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-15T02:53:22Z
dc.date.available2024-08-15T02:53:22Z
dc.date.issued2022-10-28
dc.description.abstractThis study evaluated the influence of feeding low and high preweaning allowances of unpasteurized whole milk (MA) on intake, selected blood metabolites, antibody response, mammary gland growth, and growth of New Zealand (NZ) dairy heifers to 7 mo of age. At 10 ± 2 d of age (study day 0), group-housed (six·pen-1) heifer calves (Holstein-Friesian × Jersey) were allocated to low (4 L whole milk·calf-1·d-1; n = 7 pens) or high (8 L whole milk·calf-1·d-1; n = 7 pens) MA for the next 63 d. Calves were gradually weaned between days 63 ± 2 and 73 ± 2. Calves in each pen had ad-libitum access to clean water, pelleted calf starter, and chopped grass hay from day 1 to 91 ± 2 d. At 92 ± 2 d, all calves were transferred to pasture, grazed in a mob, and their growth and selected blood metabolites were measured until day 209. All animals were weighed weekly during the indoor period (to day 91) and then at days 105, 112, 128, 162, 184, and 209. Skeletal growth measurements and blood samples to analyze selected metabolites were collected at the start of the experiment, weaning, and then postweaning on day 91, and day 201. Specific antibodies against Leptospira and Clostridia were quantified in weeks 7, 13, and 27. Mammary glands were scanned using ultrasonography at the start of the experiment, weaning, and day 201. Feeding high vs. low amounts of MA increased the preweaning growth in heifer calves (P = 0.02) without negatively affecting postweaning average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.74). Compared with heifers fed with low MA, high MA fed heifers had a greater increase in antibodies against Leptospira and Clostridia by 13 wk of age (P = 0.0007 and P = 0.06, respectively). By 27 wk of age, the antibody response was the same in heifers offered low or high MA. There was no effect of MA on the total size of the mammary gland, measured by ultrasonography, at weaning and 7 mo of age. However, the greater MA was associated with more mammary parenchyma (P = 0.01) and less mammary fat pad (P = 0.03) in back glands at 7 mo of age compared with heifers fed lower MA. In conclusion, feeding a high vs. a low amount of unpasteurized whole milk increased the preweaning growth of New Zealand replacement heifers without negatively affecting their ADG during postweaning under grazing conditions. Feeding more (8 vs. 4 L·d-1) unpasteurized whole milk positively affected antibody responses early in life and mammary gland composition by 7 mo of age in dairy heifers reared for pasture-based dairy systems.
dc.description.confidentialfalse
dc.edition.editionOctober 2022
dc.format.paginationskac219-
dc.identifier.author-urlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35723246
dc.identifier.citationKhan MA, Heiser A, Maclean PH, Leath SR, Lowe KA, Molenaar AJ. (2022). Growth performance, antibody response, and mammary gland development in New Zealand dairy replacement bovine heifers fed low or high amounts of unpasteurized whole milk.. J Anim Sci. 100. 10. (pp. skac219-).
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/jas/skac219
dc.identifier.eissn1525-3163
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.issn0021-8812
dc.identifier.pii6611660
dc.identifier.urihttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/71315
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherOxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science
dc.publisher.urihttps://academic.oup.com/jas/article/100/10/skac219/6611660
dc.relation.isPartOfJ Anim Sci
dc.rights(c) 2022 The Author/s
dc.rightsCC BY-NC 4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subjectgrowth
dc.subjectheifer
dc.subjectimmunity
dc.subjectmammary
dc.subjectmilk allowance
dc.subjectCattle
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectMilk
dc.subjectAnimal Feed
dc.subjectAntibody Formation
dc.subjectDiet
dc.subjectNew Zealand
dc.subjectWeaning
dc.subjectBody Weight
dc.titleGrowth performance, antibody response, and mammary gland development in New Zealand dairy replacement bovine heifers fed low or high amounts of unpasteurized whole milk
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id486866
pubs.organisational-groupOther
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