Global genetic diversity status and trends: towards a suite of Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) for genetic composition.

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dc.citation.issue4
dc.citation.volume97
dc.contributor.authorHoban S
dc.contributor.authorArcher FI
dc.contributor.authorBertola LD
dc.contributor.authorBragg JG
dc.contributor.authorBreed MF
dc.contributor.authorBruford MW
dc.contributor.authorColeman MA
dc.contributor.authorEkblom R
dc.contributor.authorFunk WC
dc.contributor.authorGrueber CE
dc.contributor.authorHand BK
dc.contributor.authorJaffé R
dc.contributor.authorJensen E
dc.contributor.authorJohnson JS
dc.contributor.authorKershaw F
dc.contributor.authorLiggins L
dc.contributor.authorMacDonald AJ
dc.contributor.authorMergeay J
dc.contributor.authorMiller JM
dc.contributor.authorMuller-Karger F
dc.contributor.authorO'Brien D
dc.contributor.authorPaz-Vinas I
dc.contributor.authorPotter KM
dc.contributor.authorRazgour O
dc.contributor.authorVernesi C
dc.contributor.authorHunter ME
dc.coverage.spatialEngland
dc.date.available2022-08
dc.date.available2022-03-02
dc.date.issued2022-08
dc.description.abstractBiodiversity underlies ecosystem resilience, ecosystem function, sustainable economies, and human well-being. Understanding how biodiversity sustains ecosystems under anthropogenic stressors and global environmental change will require new ways of deriving and applying biodiversity data. A major challenge is that biodiversity data and knowledge are scattered, biased, collected with numerous methods, and stored in inconsistent ways. The Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON) has developed the Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) as fundamental metrics to help aggregate, harmonize, and interpret biodiversity observation data from diverse sources. Mapping and analyzing EBVs can help to evaluate how aspects of biodiversity are distributed geographically and how they change over time. EBVs are also intended to serve as inputs and validation to forecast the status and trends of biodiversity, and to support policy and decision making. Here, we assess the feasibility of implementing Genetic Composition EBVs (Genetic EBVs), which are metrics of within-species genetic variation. We review and bring together numerous areas of the field of genetics and evaluate how each contributes to global and regional genetic biodiversity monitoring with respect to theory, sampling logistics, metadata, archiving, data aggregation, modeling, and technological advances. We propose four Genetic EBVs: (i) Genetic Diversity; (ii) Genetic Differentiation; (iii) Inbreeding; and (iv) Effective Population Size (Ne ). We rank Genetic EBVs according to their relevance, sensitivity to change, generalizability, scalability, feasibility and data availability. We outline the workflow for generating genetic data underlying the Genetic EBVs, and review advances and needs in archiving genetic composition data and metadata. We discuss how Genetic EBVs can be operationalized by visualizing EBVs in space and time across species and by forecasting Genetic EBVs beyond current observations using various modeling approaches. Our review then explores challenges of aggregation, standardization, and costs of operationalizing the Genetic EBVs, as well as future directions and opportunities to maximize their uptake globally in research and policy. The collection, annotation, and availability of genetic data has made major advances in the past decade, each of which contributes to the practical and standardized framework for large-scale genetic observation reporting. Rapid advances in DNA sequencing technology present new opportunities, but also challenges for operationalizing Genetic EBVs for biodiversity monitoring regionally and globally. With these advances, genetic composition monitoring is starting to be integrated into global conservation policy, which can help support the foundation of all biodiversity and species' long-term persistence in the face of environmental change. We conclude with a summary of concrete steps for researchers and policy makers for advancing operationalization of Genetic EBVs. The technical and analytical foundations of Genetic EBVs are well developed, and conservation practitioners should anticipate their increasing application as efforts emerge to scale up genetic biodiversity monitoring regionally and globally.
dc.description.publication-statusPublished
dc.format.extent1511 - 1538
dc.identifierhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35415952
dc.identifier.citationBiol Rev Camb Philos Soc, 2022, 97 (4), pp. 1511 - 1538
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/brv.12852
dc.identifier.eissn1469-185X
dc.identifier.elements-id452852
dc.identifier.harvestedMassey_Dark
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10179/17369
dc.languageeng
dc.relation.isPartOfBiol Rev Camb Philos Soc
dc.subjectbiodiversity monitoring
dc.subjectenvironmental policy
dc.subjectindicators
dc.subjectinteroperability
dc.subjectmetadata
dc.subjectmolecular ecology
dc.subjectBiodiversity
dc.subjectConservation of Natural Resources
dc.subjectEcosystem
dc.subjectGenetic Variation
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectPopulation Density
dc.subject.anzsrc06 Biological Sciences
dc.titleGlobal genetic diversity status and trends: towards a suite of Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) for genetic composition.
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.notesNot known
pubs.organisational-group/Massey University
pubs.organisational-group/Massey University/College of Sciences
pubs.organisational-group/Massey University/College of Sciences/School of Natural Sciences
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