Exploring young adults experiences with computerized cognitive behavioural therapy : a qualitative study of perceived reduction in anxiety : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand

Abstract

Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental health concerns affecting young adults (YA), often appearing during a developmental period marked by academic, social, and identity related transitions. Despite the availability of effective treatments such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), many YA experience challenges to accessing traditional face-to-face services, including low priority, cost, stigma, and limited availability. Digital mental health interventions, including computerised cognitive behavioural therapy (cCBT), have emerged as scalable and accessible alternatives. While quantitative research has demonstrated that cCBT can reduce anxiety symptoms, less is known about how YA subjectively experiences these interventions and what factors influence engagement and perceived benefit. This qualitative study aimed to explore YA experiences of using a cCBT programme called MoodGYM and their perceptions of its impact on anxiety symptoms. The research addressed four questions: How do YA in Aotearoa perceive the impact of cCBT on their experiences of anxiety? What aspects of cCBT influence engagement, perceived usefulness, and sustained participation? In what ways does using cCBT influence participants sense of coping, agency and self-efficacy? How do participants describe their experience of engaging with a self-guided cCBT programme? Thirteen YA aged 18–26 in Aotearoa New Zealand completed the MoodGYM intervention and participated in semi-structured interviews. Data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to capture common patterns and unique individual experiences. Five key themes were identified: accessibility and convenience of cCBT, engagement and motivation, personal relevance and connection, learning and application of CBT principles, and perceived impact on anxiety and wellbeing. Participants described convenience as reducing practical and psychological barriers to help-seeking, enabling engagement during moments of heightened anxiety. Engagement and motivation varied, with some participants benefiting from autonomy while others reported challenges related to self-discipline and consistency. Personal relevance and emotional connection influenced perceived usefulness, while learning and application of CBT principles supported increased awareness and coping strategies. Participants also described perceived improvements in anxiety management and wellbeing, alongside recognizing limitations such as reduced accountability and limited personalization. These findings indicate that while cCBT offers supplementary and scalable support to face-to face therapy, its effectiveness is crafted by personal applicability, motivation, and opportunities for meaningful application of CBT skills. The study highlights the importance of enhancing personalization and incorporating therapist support suggesting that blended or hybrid approaches may enhance engagement and therapeutic outcomes.