Retrofitting solar air heaters in New Zealand schools – A randomized crossover intervention study

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dc.citation.volume258
dc.contributor.authorWang Y
dc.contributor.authorPhipps R
dc.contributor.authorBoulic M
dc.contributor.authorPlagmann M
dc.contributor.authorCunningham C
dc.contributor.authorGuyot G
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-02T23:37:03Z
dc.date.available2024-07-02T23:37:03Z
dc.date.issued2024-06-15
dc.description.abstractMost New Zealand (NZ) schools rely on natural ventilation and are often inadequately ventilated in winter. NZ school hours typically span from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. and are well aligned with optimum solar radiation. Existing classrooms could therefore be heated and ventilated using retrofitted solar energy applications. To investigate the suitability of a commercially available solar air heater (SAH) to improve ventilation, a randomized crossover intervention study was conducted in 12 classrooms from six primary schools in Palmerston North, NZ, during the winter of 2014. Typical performance results showed a mean (standard deviation, SD) SAH outlet air temperature of 29.2 (10.4) °C at a mean (SD) velocity of 0.7 (0.3) m·s-1. During most school periods (64–99%) classrooms maintained required thermal comfort. The concurrent use of the extant heaters was reduced, and carbon dioxide levels were improved, lowering exposure for occupants. This study confirmed that retrofitting SAHs contributed to improved classroom ventilation, increased thermal comfort and reduced energy use. Optimising performance would require design improvements to improve airflow in order to comply with NZ ventilation and indoor air quality requirements for schools.
dc.description.confidentialfalse
dc.identifier.citationWang Y, Phipps R, Boulic M, Plagmann M, Cunningham C, Guyot G. (2024). Retrofitting solar air heaters in New Zealand schools – A randomized crossover intervention study. Building and Environment. 258.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111552
dc.identifier.eissn1873-684X
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.issn0360-1323
dc.identifier.number111552
dc.identifier.piiS0360132324003949
dc.identifier.urihttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/70068
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherElsevier B.V
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132324003949
dc.relation.isPartOfBuilding and Environment
dc.rights(c) 2024 The Author/s
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectIndoor air quality
dc.subjectTemperature
dc.subjectVentilation
dc.subjectLow cost
dc.subjectSustainable
dc.subjectThermal comfort
dc.titleRetrofitting solar air heaters in New Zealand schools – A randomized crossover intervention study
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id488953
pubs.organisational-groupCollege of Health
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