Of Mice, Cattle, and Men: A Review of the Eco-Epidemiology of Leptospira borgpetersenii Serovar Ballum.

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dc.citation.issue4
dc.citation.volume6
dc.contributor.authorMoinet M
dc.contributor.authorWilkinson DA
dc.contributor.authorAberdein D
dc.contributor.authorRussell JC
dc.contributor.authorVallée E
dc.contributor.authorCollins-Emerson JM
dc.contributor.authorHeuer C
dc.contributor.authorBenschop J
dc.date.available2021-12
dc.date.available2021-10-14
dc.date.issued20/10/2021
dc.description(c) The Author/s
dc.description.abstractIn New Zealand (NZ), leptospirosis is a mostly occupational zoonosis, with >66% of the recently notified cases being farm or abattoir workers. Livestock species independently maintain Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo and L. interrogans serovar Pomona, and both are included in livestock vaccines. The increasing importance in human cases of Ballum, a serovar associated with wildlife, suggests that wildlife may be an overlooked source of infection. Livestock could also act as bridge hosts for humans. Drawing from disease ecology frameworks, we chose five barriers to include in this review based on the hypothesis that cattle act as bridge hosts for Ballum. Using a narrative methodology, we collated published studies pertaining to (a) the distribution and abundance of potential wild maintenance hosts of Ballum, (b) the infection dynamics (prevalence and pathogenesis) in those same hosts, (c) Ballum shedding and survival in the environment, (d) the exposure and competency of cattle as a potential bridge host, and (e) exposure for humans as a target host of Ballum. Mice (Mus musculus), rats (Rattus rattus, R. norvegicus) and hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) were suspected as maintenance hosts of Ballum in NZ in studies conducted in the 1970s-1980s. These introduced species are distributed throughout NZ, and are present on pastures. The role of other wildlife in Ballum (and more broadly Leptospira) transmission remains poorly defined, and has not been thoroughly investigated in NZ. The experimental and natural Ballum infection of cattle suggest a low pathogenicity and the possibility of shedding. The seroprevalence in cattle appears higher in recent serosurveys (3 to 14%) compared with studies from the 1970s (0 to 3%). This review identifies gaps in the knowledge of Ballum, and highlights cattle as a potential spillover host. Further studies are required to ascertain the role that wild and domestic species may play in the eco-epidemiology of Ballum in order to understand its survival in the environment, and to inform control strategies.
dc.description.publication-statusPublished
dc.identifierhttp://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000738344900001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=c5bb3b2499afac691c2e3c1a83ef6fef
dc.identifierARTN 189
dc.identifier.citationTROPICAL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE, 2021, 6 (4)
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/tropicalmed6040189
dc.identifier.eissn2414-6366
dc.identifier.elements-id449290
dc.identifier.harvestedMassey_Dark
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10179/16913
dc.relation.isPartOfTROPICAL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
dc.subjectdisease ecology
dc.subjectemerging infectious diseases
dc.subjectinfectious disease reservoirs
dc.subjectliaison host
dc.subjectspecies barrier
dc.subjectwildlife-livestock interface
dc.titleOf Mice, Cattle, and Men: A Review of the Eco-Epidemiology of Leptospira borgpetersenii Serovar Ballum.
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.notesNot known
pubs.organisational-group/Massey University
pubs.organisational-group/Massey University/College of Sciences
pubs.organisational-group/Massey University/College of Sciences/School of Veterinary Science
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