Global assessment of chemical quality of drinking water: The case of trihalomethanes

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dc.citation.volume230
dc.contributor.authorVillanueva CM
dc.contributor.authorEvlampidou I
dc.contributor.authorIbrahim F
dc.contributor.authorDonat-Vargas C
dc.contributor.authorValentin A
dc.contributor.authorTugulea A-M
dc.contributor.authorEchigo S
dc.contributor.authorJovanovic D
dc.contributor.authorLebedev AT
dc.contributor.authorLemus-Pérez M
dc.contributor.authorRodriguez-Susa M
dc.contributor.authorLuzati A
dc.contributor.authorde Cássia Dos Santos Nery T
dc.contributor.authorPastén PA
dc.contributor.authorQuiñones M
dc.contributor.authorRegli S
dc.contributor.authorWeisman R
dc.contributor.authorDong S
dc.contributor.authorHa M
dc.contributor.authorPhattarapattamawong S
dc.contributor.authorManasfi T
dc.contributor.authorShaibu-Imodagbe EM
dc.contributor.authorEng A
dc.contributor.authorJanák K
dc.contributor.authorRush SC
dc.contributor.authorReckhow D
dc.contributor.authorKrasner SW
dc.contributor.authorVineis P
dc.contributor.authorRichardson SD
dc.contributor.authorKogevinas M
dc.coverage.spatialEngland
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-28T23:45:05Z
dc.date.available2023-01-02
dc.date.available2023-06-28T23:45:05Z
dc.date.issued2023-02-15
dc.description(c) The Author/s
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: Trihalomethanes (THM), a major class of disinfection by-products, are widespread and are associated with adverse health effects. We conducted a global evaluation of current THM regulations and concentrations in drinking water. METHODS: We included 120 countries (∼7000 million inhabitants in 2016), representing 94% of the world population. We searched for country regulations and THM routine monitoring data using a questionnaire addressed to referent contacts. Scientific and gray literature was reviewed where contacts were not identified or declined participation. We obtained or estimated annual average THM concentrations, weighted to the population served when possible. RESULTS: Drinking water regulations were ascertained for 116/120 (97%) countries, with 89/116 (77%) including THM regulations. Routine monitoring was implemented in 47/89 (53%) of countries with THM regulations. THM data with a varying population coverage was obtained for 69/120 (58%) countries consisting of ∼5600 million inhabitants (76% of world's population in 2016). Population coverage was ≥90% in 14 countries, mostly in the Global North, 50-89% in 19 countries, 11-49% among 21 countries, and ≤10% in 14 countries including India, China, Russian Federation and Nigeria (40% of world's population). DISCUSSION: An enormous gap exists in THM regulatory status, routine monitoring practice, reporting and data availability among countries, especially between high- vs. low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). More efforts are warranted to regulate and systematically assess chemical quality of drinking water, centralize, harmonize, and openly report data, particularly in LMICs.
dc.description.publication-statusPublished
dc.format.extent119568 - ?
dc.identifierhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36621278
dc.identifierS0043-1354(23)00004-0
dc.identifier.citationWater Res, 2023, 230 pp. 119568 - ?
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.watres.2023.119568
dc.identifier.eissn1879-2448
dc.identifier.elements-id458850
dc.identifier.harvestedMassey_Dark
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherElsevier Ltd
dc.relation.isPartOfWater Res
dc.rightsCC BY-NC-ND 4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectChemicals
dc.subjectDisinfection by products
dc.subjectDrinking water
dc.subjectInternational
dc.subjectQuality
dc.subjectRegulation
dc.subjectRoutine monitoring
dc.subjectTrihalomethanes
dc.subjectDrinking Water
dc.subjectTrihalomethanes
dc.subjectWater Supply
dc.subjectWater Pollutants, Chemical
dc.subjectDisinfection
dc.titleGlobal assessment of chemical quality of drinking water: The case of trihalomethanes
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.notesNot known
pubs.organisational-group/Massey University
pubs.organisational-group/Massey University/College of Health
pubs.organisational-group/Massey University/College of Health/Research Centre for Hauora and Health
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