Biochemical profile of heifers with spontaneous humeral fractures suggest that protein-energy malnutrition could be an important factor in the pathology of this disease.

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dc.citation.issue1
dc.citation.volume71
dc.contributor.authorWehrle-Martinez A
dc.contributor.authorDittmer KE
dc.contributor.authorBack PJ
dc.contributor.authorRogers CW
dc.contributor.authorLawrence K
dc.coverage.spatialEngland
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-01T22:19:35Z
dc.date.available2023-01
dc.date.available2023-03-01T22:19:35Z
dc.date.issued2023-01
dc.descriptionCAUL Read and Publish Agreement.
dc.description.abstractCASE HISTORY: Serum and liver samples from 35, 2-year-old dairy heifers that had fractured one or both humeri post-calving between July and December 2019 were submitted to a diagnostic laboratory for analysis. Serum samples were analysed for albumin, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), creatinine, Ca, Mg, phosphate, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and serum Cu concentration. Liver samples were analysed for liver Cu concentration. Data were compared to published reference intervals. Data values for heifers that prior to fracture had grazed fodder beet were also compared to values for those that had grazed pasture. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Sixty-nine percent of heifers with humeral fracture had serum creatinine concentrations below the lower value of the reference range (55-130 µmol/L). In 3/32 (9%) heifers, serum NEFA concentrations were increased above the reference value indicating body fat mobilisation (≥1.2 mmol/L for peri-partum cows) and in 20/35 (57%) heifers BHB serum concentrations were above the reference value indicating subclinical ketosis (≥1.1 mmol/L for peri-partum cows). In 24/35 (69%) heifers, liver Cu concentration was low (≤ 44 µmol/kg) or marginal (45-94 µmol/kg). The concentration of Cu in serum was low (≤ 4.5 µmol/L) in 2/33 (6%) heifers and marginal (4.6-7.9 µmol/L) in 5/33 (15%) heifers. There was moderate positive correlation between the logged concentrations of Cu in paired liver and serum samples, r(31) = 0.43; (95% CI = 0.1-0.79; p = 0.014). One heifer had a serum phosphate concentration below the lower limit of the reference range (< 1.10 mmol/L). For all heifers, the concentrations of albumin, Ca, and Mg in serum were within the reference intervals (23-38 g/L, 2.00-2.60 mmol/L, and 0.49-1.15 mmol/L respectively). Over winter, 15/35 (43%) heifers grazed predominantly pasture, 14/35 (40%) grazed fodder beet and 6/35 (17%) had a mixed diet. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In some of these heifers with humeral fractures, there was evidence for protein and/or energy malnutrition in the form of elevated NEFA and BHB concentrations and low creatinine concentrations in serum. Liver Cu concentrations were also reduced in most affected heifers. However, the absence of a control group means it is not possible to determine if these are risk factors for fracture or features common to all periparturient heifers. Clinical trials and molecular studies are needed to determine the true contribution of Cu and protein-energy metabolism to the pathogenesis of spontaneous humeral fractures in dairy heifers. ABBREVIATIONS: BHB: ß-hydroxybutyrate; NEFA: Non-esterified fatty acids.
dc.description.publication-statusPublished
dc.format.extent37 - 41
dc.identifierhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36210546
dc.identifier.citationNew Zealand Veterinary Journal, 2023, 71 (1), pp. 37 - 41
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/00480169.2022.2134226
dc.identifier.eissn1176-0710
dc.identifier.elements-id457229
dc.identifier.harvestedMassey_Dark
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10179/18053
dc.languageeng
dc.relation.isPartOfN Z Vet J
dc.subjectHumeral fractures
dc.subjectcopper
dc.subjectcreatinine
dc.subjectdiet
dc.subjectheifers
dc.subjectCattle
dc.subjectAnimals
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectHumeral Fractures
dc.subjectFatty Acids, Nonesterified
dc.subjectProtein-Energy Malnutrition
dc.subjectCattle Diseases
dc.subjectCreatinine
dc.subjectKetosis
dc.subject3-Hydroxybutyric Acid
dc.subjectPhosphates
dc.subjectAlbumins
dc.subjectLactation
dc.subject.anzsrc0707 Veterinary Sciences
dc.titleBiochemical profile of heifers with spontaneous humeral fractures suggest that protein-energy malnutrition could be an important factor in the pathology of this disease.
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.notesNot known
pubs.organisational-group/Massey University
pubs.organisational-group/Massey University/College of Sciences
pubs.organisational-group/Massey University/College of Sciences/School of Agriculture & Environment
pubs.organisational-group/Massey University/College of Sciences/School of Veterinary Science
pubs.organisational-group/Massey University/Other
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