Streptococcus salivarius inhibits immune activation by periodontal disease pathogens

MacDonald KW; Chanyi RM; Macklaim JM; Cadieux PA; Reid G; Burton JP

Streptococcus salivarius inhibits immune activation by periodontal disease pathogens

dc.citation.issue	1
dc.citation.volume	21
dc.contributor.author	MacDonald KW
dc.contributor.author	Chanyi RM
dc.contributor.author	Macklaim JM
dc.contributor.author	Cadieux PA
dc.contributor.author	Reid G
dc.contributor.author	Burton JP
dc.coverage.spatial	England
dc.date.accessioned	2024-07-09T21:34:20Z
dc.date.available	2024-07-09T21:34:20Z
dc.date.issued	2021-05-07
dc.description.abstract	BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease represents a major health concern. The administration of beneficial microbes has been increasing in popularity over efforts to manipulate the microbes using antimicrobial agents. This study determined the ability of Streptococcus salivarius to inhibit IL-6 and IL-8 production by gingival fibroblasts when activated by periodontal pathogens and their effect on the salivary microbiome. METHODS: Primary human gingival fibroblasts were challenged with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum and a combination of all three. IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine release were measured. Using this same model, S. salivarius K12, M18 and different supernatant and whole-cell lysate fractions of S. salivarius K12 were administered to pathogen-induced fibroblasts. A patient study of healthy participants was also conducted to determine the effect S. salivarius K12 had on the native microbiome using 16S next generation sequence analysis. RESULTS: All pathogens tested induced a significant IL-6 and IL-8 response. S. salivarius K12 or M18, did not exhibit an increase in inflammatory cytokines. When either of the probiotic strains were co-administered with a pathogen, there were significant reductions in both IL-6 and IL-8 release. This effect was also observed when gingival fibroblasts were pre-treated with either S. salivarius K12 or M18 and then stimulated with the oral pathogens. Chewing gum containing S. salivarius K12 did not alter the salivary microbiome and did not increase inflammatory markers in the oral cavity. CONCLUSION: S. salivarius K12 and M18 prevented immune activation induced by periodontal disease pathogens. S. salivarius K12 did not alter the salivary microbiome or induce immune activation when administered as a chewing gum. These results warrant further study to determine if it may be an effective treatment in a model of periodontal disease.
dc.description.confidential	false
dc.edition.edition	2021
dc.format.pagination	245-
dc.identifier.author-url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33962608
dc.identifier.citation	MacDonald KW, Chanyi RM, Macklaim JM, Cadieux PA, Reid G, Burton JP. (2021). Streptococcus salivarius inhibits immune activation by periodontal disease pathogens.. BMC Oral Health. 21. 1. (pp. 245-).
dc.identifier.doi	10.1186/s12903-021-01606-z
dc.identifier.eissn	1472-6831
dc.identifier.elements-type	journal-article
dc.identifier.issn	1472-6831
dc.identifier.number	245
dc.identifier.pii	10.1186/s12903-021-01606-z
dc.identifier.uri	https://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/70129
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	BioMed Central Ltd
dc.publisher.uri	https://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12903-021-01606-z
dc.relation.isPartOf	BMC Oral Health
dc.subject	Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
dc.subject	Chewing gum
dc.subject	Fusobacterium nucleatum
dc.subject	Immune inhibition
dc.subject	Periodontal disease
dc.subject	Porphyromonas gingivalis
dc.subject	Probiotics
dc.subject	Streptococcus salivarius
dc.subject	Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
dc.subject	Fusobacterium nucleatum
dc.subject	Humans
dc.subject	Periodontal Diseases
dc.subject	Porphyromonas gingivalis
dc.subject	Streptococcus salivarius
dc.title	Streptococcus salivarius inhibits immune activation by periodontal disease pathogens
dc.type	Journal article
pubs.elements-id	454658
pubs.organisational-group	Other