Changes to insulin sensitivity in glucose clearance systems and redox following dietary supplementation with a novel cysteine-rich protein: A pilot randomized controlled trial in humans with type-2 diabetes.

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dc.citation.volume67
dc.contributor.authorPeeters WM
dc.contributor.authorGram M
dc.contributor.authorDias GJ
dc.contributor.authorVissers MCM
dc.contributor.authorHampton MB
dc.contributor.authorDickerhof N
dc.contributor.authorBekhit AE
dc.contributor.authorBlack MJ
dc.contributor.authorOxbøll J
dc.contributor.authorBayer S
dc.contributor.authorDickens M
dc.contributor.authorVitzel K
dc.contributor.authorSheard PW
dc.contributor.authorDanielson KM
dc.contributor.authorHodges LD
dc.contributor.authorBrønd JC
dc.contributor.authorBond J
dc.contributor.authorPerry BG
dc.contributor.authorStoner L
dc.contributor.authorCornwall J
dc.contributor.authorRowlands DS
dc.coverage.spatialNetherlands
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-04T00:50:19Z
dc.date.available2024-10-04T00:50:19Z
dc.date.issued2023-10-07
dc.description.abstractWe recently developed a novel keratin-derived protein (KDP) rich in cysteine, glycine, and arginine, with the potential to alter tissue redox status and insulin sensitivity. The KDP was tested in 35 human adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a 14-wk randomised controlled pilot trial comprising three 2×20 g supplemental protein/day arms: KDP-whey (KDPWHE), whey (WHEY), non-protein isocaloric control (CON), with standardised exercise. Outcomes were measured morning fasted and following insulin-stimulation (80 mU/m2/min hyperinsulinaemic-isoglycaemic clamp). With KDPWHE supplementation there was good and very-good evidence for moderate-sized increases in insulin-stimulated glucose clearance rate (GCR; 26%; 90% confidence limits, CL 2%, 49%) and skeletal-muscle microvascular blood flow (46%; 16%, 83%), respectively, and good evidence for increased insulin-stimulated sarcoplasmic GLUT4 translocation (18%; 0%, 39%) vs CON. In contrast, WHEY did not effect GCR (-2%; -25%, 21%) and attenuated HbA1c lowering (14%; 5%, 24%) vs CON. KDPWHE effects on basal glutathione in erythrocytes and skeletal muscle were unclear, but in muscle there was very-good evidence for large increases in oxidised peroxiredoxin isoform 2 (oxiPRX2) (19%; 2.2%, 35%) and good evidence for lower GPx1 concentrations (-40%; -4.3%, -63%) vs CON; insulin stimulation, however, attenuated the basal oxiPRX2 response (4%; -16%, 24%), and increased GPx1 (39%; -5%, 101%) and SOD1 (26%; -3%, 60%) protein expression. Effects of KDPWHE on oxiPRX3 and NRF2 content, phosphorylation of capillary eNOS and insulin-signalling proteins upstream of GLUT4 translocation AktSer437 and AS160Thr642 were inconclusive, but there was good evidence for increased IRSSer312 (41%; 3%, 95%), insulin-stimulated NFκB-DNA binding (46%; 3.4%, 105%), and basal PAK-1Thr423/2Thr402 phosphorylation (143%; 66%, 257%) vs WHEY. Our findings provide good evidence to suggest that dietary supplementation with a novel edible keratin protein in humans with T2DM may increase glucose clearance and modify skeletal-muscle tissue redox and insulin sensitivity within systems involving peroxiredoxins, antioxidant expression, and glucose uptake.
dc.description.confidentialfalse
dc.edition.editionNovember 2023
dc.format.pagination102918-
dc.identifier.author-urlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37812879
dc.identifier.citationPeeters WM, Gram M, Dias GJ, Vissers MCM, Hampton MB, Dickerhof N, Bekhit AE, Black MJ, Oxbøll J, Bayer S, Dickens M, Vitzel K, Sheard PW, Danielson KM, Hodges LD, Brønd JC, Bond J, Perry BG, Stoner L, Cornwall J, Rowlands DS. (2023). Changes to insulin sensitivity in glucose clearance systems and redox following dietary supplementation with a novel cysteine-rich protein: A pilot randomized controlled trial in humans with type-2 diabetes.. Redox Biol. 67. (pp. 102918-).
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.redox.2023.102918
dc.identifier.eissn2213-2317
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.issn2213-2317
dc.identifier.number102918
dc.identifier.piiS2213-2317(23)00319-1
dc.identifier.urihttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/71603
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherElsevier B.V
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213231723003191
dc.relation.isPartOfRedox Biol
dc.rights(c) 2023 The Author/s
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectGlutathione
dc.subjectKeratin
dc.subjectOxidative stress
dc.subjectPeroxiredoxin
dc.subjectType-2 diabetes
dc.subjectwhey
dc.subjectAdult
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectGlucose
dc.subjectInsulin Resistance
dc.subjectCysteine
dc.subjectPilot Projects
dc.subjectInsulin
dc.subjectMuscle, Skeletal
dc.subjectDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2
dc.subjectProtein Isoforms
dc.subjectDietary Supplements
dc.subjectOxidation-Reduction
dc.subjectKeratins
dc.titleChanges to insulin sensitivity in glucose clearance systems and redox following dietary supplementation with a novel cysteine-rich protein: A pilot randomized controlled trial in humans with type-2 diabetes.
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id480922
pubs.organisational-groupCollege of Health
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