Collaborative optimization operation method of electrical-thermal‑hydrogen multi-energy storage system based on variable mode decomposition

Abstract

The integration and utilization of renewable energy into the grid is key to building a clean and low-carbon energy system, but its intermittency and volatility cause significant wind and solar curtailment. To address this, this paper proposes a multi-energy storage system integrating electrical, thermal, and hydrogen storage. The system firstly uses Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) to decompose and reconstruct the power difference between the source and the load. The power allocation based on the dynamic response characteristics of supercapacitors, hydrogen storage, and thermal storage tanks. Three progressive operating strategies are designed: baseline power allocation based on VMD (Strategy 1), adaptive VMD adjustment considering the state of charge (SOC) of energy storage (Strategy 2), and coordinated optimization introducing grid regulation (Strategy 3). An experimental platform focused on lithium batteries and supercapacitors was built to verify the feasibility of the power allocation and real-time adjustment strategies. Furthermore, the experimentally validated control strategies were applied to a simulation case of a Beijing community to conduct system modeling based on a physical model. Results show that Strategy 3 achieves zero SOC violation in energy storage, significantly outperforming Strategy 1 (which had a 47.5% violation rate) and Strategy 2 (37%), with operational costs reduced by 13.3% and 17.7% compared to Strategies 1 and 2, respectively, and a system excess capacity ratio of 0%. The conclusions indicate that the proposed VMD-based multi-energy storage coordinated optimization method, especially Strategy 3 combined with grid regulation, can effectively enhance system stability and economy, providing an effective solution for multi-energy system management in scenarios with a high proportion of renewable energy.