The role of spirituality in depression recovery : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychology at Massey University, Manawatū, New Zealand

Abstract

Depression is one of the fastest growing causes of disability worldwide, with an estimated 17.5% of New Zealanders living with the condition. Current biomedically based approaches dominant in New Zealand have shown limited success in achieving long-term recovery, with relapse rates at over 50%. In contrast to the disease model of depression, humanistic, Eastern, and Indigenous frameworks take a holistic approach to mental distress and consider spirituality essential for wellbeing. Prior research has consistently shown that spirituality serves a therapeutic and protective function in depression. However, the causal mechanisms by which spirituality confers such benefits remain unclear. In this study, nine individuals were interviewed about their experiences of recovering from depression using spirituality. The therapeutic effects of spirituality were clustered into three major themes: Inner Transformation, Connection and Belonging, and Resilience. Inner Transformation subsumed themes of existential authenticity and self- compassion. Connection and Belonging included feeling supported and wanting to support others. Resilience subsumed themes of acceptance, meaning, expanded perspective, and emotional intelligence. For participants, spirituality was found to be an important part of depression recovery and a field of study that the discipline of psychology would greatly benefit from engaging with. Further studies could focus on developing a more comprehensive understanding of spiritual beliefs and practices in New Zealand, exploring mental health professionals’ attitudes towards spirituality, and investigating any negative effects spirituality may have on recovery from mental distress.