The Pathology of Fatal Avian Malaria Due to Plasmodium elongatum (GRW6) and Plasmodium matutinum (LINN1) Infection in New Zealand Kiwi (Apteryx spp.)

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dc.citation.issue23
dc.citation.volume12
dc.contributor.authorGulliver E
dc.contributor.authorHunter S
dc.contributor.authorHowe L
dc.contributor.authorCastillo-Alcala F
dc.contributor.editorHartup B
dc.coverage.spatialSwitzerland
dc.date.accessioned2024-01-17T21:27:26Z
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-25T06:37:19Z
dc.date.available2022-12
dc.date.available2024-01-17T21:27:26Z
dc.date.available2024-07-25T06:37:19Z
dc.date.issued2022-12-01
dc.description.abstractAvian malaria caused by Plasmodium species is a known cause of mortality in avifauna worldwide, however reports within New Zealand kiwi (Apteryx spp.) are scant. Postmortem reports from kiwi were obtained from the Massey University/Te Kunenga ki PÅ«rehuroa School of Veterinary Science Pathology Register from August 2010-August 2020. Gross lesions were described from postmortem reports, and archived H.E.-stained slides used for histological assessment. Nested PCR testing was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples to assess the presence of Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii DNA and cases with a PCR-positive result were sequenced to determine the lineage involved. Of 1005 postmortem reports, 23 cases of confirmed or suspected avian malaria were included in this study. The most consistent gross lesions included splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and interstitial pneumonia with oedema. Histological lesions were characterised by severe interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary oedema, interstitial myocarditis, hepatic sinusoidal congestion and hypercellularity, and splenic macrophage hyperplasia and hyperaemia/congestion with numerous haemosiderophages. Cytoplasmic meronts were consistently found within endothelial cells of a variety of tissues, and within tissue macrophages of the liver, lung and spleen. A diagnosis of avian malaria was confirmed via PCR testing in 13 cases, with sequencing revealing P. matutinum (LINN1) and P. elongatum (GRW6) as the species involved. This is the largest case series describing the pathology of avian malaria as a cause of mortality in endemic New Zealand avifauna.
dc.description.confidentialfalse
dc.edition.editionDecember 2022
dc.format.pagination3376-
dc.identifier.author-urlhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36496898
dc.identifier.citationGulliver E, Hunter S, Howe L, Castillo-Alcala F. (2022). The Pathology of Fatal Avian Malaria Due to Plasmodium elongatum (GRW6) and Plasmodium matutinum (LINN1) Infection in New Zealand Kiwi (Apteryx spp.).. Animals (Basel). 12. 23. (pp. 3376-).
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ani12233376
dc.identifier.eissn2076-2615
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.issn2076-2615
dc.identifier.number3376
dc.identifier.piiani12233376
dc.identifier.urihttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/70557
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherMDPI (Basel, Switzerland)
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/23/3376
dc.relation.isPartOfAnimals (Basel)
dc.rights(c) 2022 The Author/s
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectGRW6
dc.subjectLINN1
dc.subjectPlasmodium
dc.subjectavian malaria
dc.subjectelongatum
dc.subjectkiwi
dc.subjectmatutinum
dc.subjectmortality
dc.titleThe Pathology of Fatal Avian Malaria Due to Plasmodium elongatum (GRW6) and Plasmodium matutinum (LINN1) Infection in New Zealand Kiwi (Apteryx spp.)
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id458473
pubs.organisational-groupOther
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