Protein Intake and Protein Quality Patterns in New Zealand Vegan Diets: An Observational Analysis Using Dynamic Time Warping

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dc.citation.issue11
dc.citation.volume17
dc.contributor.authorSoh BXP
dc.contributor.authorVignes M
dc.contributor.authorSmith NW
dc.contributor.authorVon Hurst PR
dc.contributor.authorMcNabb WC
dc.contributor.editorHayes M
dc.contributor.editorNaik AS
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-30T23:34:37Z
dc.date.available2025-06-30T23:34:37Z
dc.date.issued2025-05-26
dc.description.abstractBackground/Objectives: Inadequate intake of indispensable amino acids (IAAs) is a significant challenge in vegan diets. Since IAAs are not produced or stored over long durations in the human body, regular and balanced dietary protein consumption throughout the day is essential for metabolic function. The objective of this study is to investigate the variation in protein and IAA intake across 24 h among New Zealand vegans with time-series clustering, using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). Methods: This data-driven approach objectively categorised vegan dietary data into distinct clusters for protein intake and protein quality analysis. Results: Total protein consumed per eating occasion (EO) was 11.1 g, with 93.5% of the cohort falling below the minimal threshold of 20 g of protein per EO. The mean protein intake for each EO in cluster 1 was 6.5 g, cluster 2 was 11.4 g and only cluster 3 was near the threshold at 19.0 g. IAA intake was highest in cluster 3, with lysine and leucine being 3× higher in cluster 3 than cluster 1. All EOs in cluster 1 were below the reference protein intake relative to body weight, closely followed by cluster 2 (91.5%), while cluster 3 comparatively had the lowest EOs under this reference (31.9%). Conclusions: DTW produced three distinct dietary patterns in the vegan cohort. Further exploration of plant protein combinations could inform recommendations to optimise protein quality in vegan diets.
dc.description.confidentialfalse
dc.edition.editionJune 2025
dc.identifier.citationSoh BXP, Vignes M, Smith NW, von Hurst PR, McNabb WC. (2025). Protein Intake and Protein Quality Patterns in New Zealand Vegan Diets: An Observational Analysis Using Dynamic Time Warping. Nutrients. 17. 11.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/nu17111806
dc.identifier.eissn2072-6643
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.number1806
dc.identifier.urihttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/73134
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherMDPI (Basel, Switzerland)
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/17/11/1806
dc.relation.isPartOfNutrients
dc.rights(c) The author/sen
dc.rights.licenseCC BYen
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectvegan diets
dc.subjectamino acids
dc.subjectprotein intake
dc.subjectprotein digestibility
dc.subjectprotein quality
dc.subjectmeal pattern
dc.subjectdata driven
dc.subjecthierarchical clustering
dc.titleProtein Intake and Protein Quality Patterns in New Zealand Vegan Diets: An Observational Analysis Using Dynamic Time Warping
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id501326
pubs.organisational-groupOther
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