A Māori mother’s journey : is cultural connectedness a protective factor against postnatal depression? : a research project in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science (Psychology) at Massey University, New Zealand

Abstract

There are a significant number of mothers affected by postnatal depression (PND) in Aotearoa, with Māori mothers being disproportionately impacted. Mainstream maternal mental health services continue to operate within Western frameworks, despite the growing evidence for culturally responsive care. The protective factors of whānau relationships, cultural identity, and wairuatanga are often overlooked within these frameworks. This thesis explores whether cultural connectedness is a protective factor against PND for Māori mothers. This qualitative research is guided by a kaupapa Māori methodology and situated within a constructivist paradigm and magnifies the voices of eight Māori mothers who have experienced symptoms of PND. Semi structured interviews enabled an in-depth exploration of participants’ experiences with symptoms of PND, cultural depression, support systems, and pathways to wellbeing. Thematic analysis was guided by the cultural connectedness scale (CCS), which centre’s identity, tradition, and spirituality as key dimensions of wellbeing. Findings reveal that cultural disconnection, structural racism, and inaccessible services exacerbate the psychological and emotional distress felt by Māori mothers. In contrast, reconnection with te ao Māori through tikanga, te reo Māori, peer support, and wānanga were experienced as mana-enhancing, healing, and transformative. These culturally grounded interventions cultivated a sense of belonging and agency that participants recognised as critical to their healing journeys. Moreover, the study draws attention to systemic failures, such as the inadequacy of standardised screening tools and structural barriers that undermine the long-term viability of Māori-led initiatives. This research aligns with the expanding body of advocacy for models that centre mātauranga Māori and uphold tino rangatiratanga. The findings affirm that cultural connectedness functions not only as a protective factor against PND, but as a vital cornerstone of Māori maternal wellbeing. Structural reform is imperative for adequately supporting Māori mothers. This requires long-term investment in Indigenous initiatives that drive systemic change and can be achieved through culturally aligned practices and Māori-led governance.