Effect of Iodine Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation on Child Cognitive Outcomes: A Review

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dc.citation.issue12
dc.citation.volume17
dc.contributor.authorMa ZF
dc.contributor.authorBrough L
dc.contributor.editorMarconi AM
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-22T20:39:03Z
dc.date.available2025-07-22T20:39:03Z
dc.date.issued2025-06-16
dc.description.abstractIodine deficiency remains one of the most serious global public health challenges, recognised as the leading cause of preventable brain damage worldwide. It is widely accepted as the primary aetiological factor underlying iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Inadequate maternal iodine intake reduces thyroxine synthesis, impairing foetal brain development and leading to long-term deficits in cognitive function across childhood and adulthood. However, emerging evidence also suggests that excessive iodine intake may disrupt thyroid function, particularly in individuals with underlying thyroid autoimmunity, potentially leading to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. In this state-of-the-art review, we examine the effects of iodine nutrition during pregnancy and lactation on child cognitive outcomes. We provide an overview of the recent global iodine status, critically appraise the current evidence linking both iodine deficiency and excess to neurodevelopmental outcomes, and offer expert interpretation of the key findings. We further highlight areas of uncertainty, introduce emerging evidence from contemporary studies, and propose directions for future research to inform and optimise public health policies and clinical practice. Our findings highlight a U-shaped association, whereby both insufficient and excessive iodine exposure during pregnancy and lactation may impair optimal brain development in the offspring.
dc.description.confidentialfalse
dc.edition.editionJune 2025
dc.identifier.citationMa ZF, Brough L. (2025). Effect of Iodine Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation on Child Cognitive Outcomes: A Review. Nutrients. 17. 12.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/nu17122016
dc.identifier.eissn2072-6643
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.number2016
dc.identifier.urihttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/73233
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherMDPI (Basel, Switzerland)
dc.publisher.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/17/12/2016
dc.relation.isPartOfNutrients
dc.rights(c) 2025 The Author/s
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectiodine
dc.subjectiodine deficiency
dc.subjectexcessive iodine
dc.subjectchild cognition
dc.subjectpregnancy
dc.subjectlactation
dc.titleEffect of Iodine Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation on Child Cognitive Outcomes: A Review
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id501528
pubs.organisational-groupOther
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