The influence of lipid types and lipid levels on the performance parameters, apparent metabolisable energy and ileal nutrient digestibility in day 1-21 broilers fed maize-soybean based starter diets : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Animal Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, Manawatū, New Zealand
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2023
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Massey University
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The current study investigated the influence of different lipid sources and lipid inclusion level, and their interaction on ileal nutrient digestibility (N, DM, fat, starch, GE), apparent metabolizable energy (AME), and performance parameters (BWG, FI, FCR, and mortality) of broilers fed maize-soybean diets for 21 days post-hatch. A completely randomized design was used with 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of 6 treatments with 8 replicates, and 8 birds per replicate to study the effect of two lipid levels: High (H) and Low (L) and three lipid types: Crude Palm oil (CPO), Soy Oil (SO) and Poultry Fat (Sirona, PF). Six experimental diets (POH, POL, SOH, SOL, PFH and PFL) were formulated using maize and soybean as the main feed ingredient. The inclusion levels of the main feed ingredients and lipid vary between the diets achieving different levels of energy and nutrient density. Other ingredients that were included in the diets show only a slight variation. The lipid sources provided the birds with similar levels of AME within the same lipid inclusion level. High diets were formulated with more lipids than the Low diets, which provided an extra 100Kcal AME (H = L + 100Kcal/kg). Low diets were formulated to contain 6% of crude fat with lower AME. All the lipid type x lipid level interactions are not significant for all the performance parameters, AME, and ileal nutrient digestibility. However, both lipid types and lipid levels significantly (P < 0.05) affected body weight gain of broilers. Birds consumed poultry fat source diets had the highest BWG, with similar level in soy oil diets and lowest in diets consist crude palm oil. Diets with low lipid inclusion level resulted significantly better (P < 0.05) BWG. Feed intake was influenced (P < 0.05) by lipid inclusion level in diets that low lipid inclusion resulted improved feed intake. Feed conversion ratio is significantly impacted (P < 0.05) by lipid type, where the soy oil had the best efficiency followed by poultry fat, and diets that included crude palm oil had the highest FCR. AME was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in diets containing plant-based oils and increase lipid level contributed to the significant difference (P < 0.05) between AME in diets. Ileal digestibility of DM, fat, and GE was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in soy and crude palm oils than poultry fat. In general, the result showed that the performance parameters, AME, and ileal nutrient digestibility of broilers are influenced by the various fatty acid profile and the amount of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the different sources. Lipid inclusion level affected the AME and performance parameters of broilers.