Pharmacokinetics of Nitrate and Nitrite Following Beetroot Juice Drink Consumption

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dc.citation.issue2
dc.citation.volume13
dc.contributor.authorJakubcik EM
dc.contributor.authorRutherfurd-Markwick K
dc.contributor.authorChabert M
dc.contributor.authorWong M
dc.contributor.authorAli A
dc.coverage.spatialSwitzerland
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-10T20:02:29Z
dc.date.accessioned2023-09-04T01:41:01Z
dc.date.available2021-01-20
dc.date.available2023-08-10T20:02:29Z
dc.date.available2023-09-04T01:41:01Z
dc.date.issued2021-01-20
dc.date.updated2023-08-09T02:56:26Z
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND: Nitrate (NO3 -)-rich beetroot (BR) juice supplementation has been shown to improve cardiovascular function via reduction to nitrite (NO2 -) and then to the bioactive molecule nitric oxide (NO). However, limited research exists for the role of inorganic NO2 - that is contained naturally within BR. OBJECTIVE: As BR juice can naturally contain both NO3 - and NO2 - the objective of this study was to evaluate the individual effects of NO3 - and NO2 - consumed from BR on plasma [NO3 -]/[NO2 -] and their subsequent effects on various cardiovascular measures. DESIGN: In four separate treatments, 11 healthy adults consumed 250 mL of BR containing one of the following: (i) high NO3 -, low NO2 - (HL; 572 mg NO3 -, 32 mg NO2 -); (ii) medium NO3 -, medium NO2 - (MM; 280 mg NO3 -, 237 mg NO2 -); (iii) low NO3 -, medium NO2 - (LM; 43 mg NO3 -, 262 mg NO2 -); (iv) placebo (PL; low NO3 -, low NO2 -: 8 mg NO3 -, 5.8 mg NO2 -). Plasma [NO3 -]/[NO2 -], blood pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output and stroke volume were measured at baseline and every hour or second hour for 6 h post-BR consumption. OUTCOMES: Ingestion of the HL and MM BR increased plasma [NO2 -] and [NO3 -] after 2 h, with both remaining elevated after 6 h (p < 0.05). LM increased plasma [NO3 -] (p < 0.05) but did not increase plasma [NO2 -] compared to PL (p = 0.177). MAP was lower following the consumption of HL at 4 h and LM at 6 h (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Inorganic NO3 - consumption is the critical factor in elevating plasma [NO3 -] and [NO2 -]; however, both NO2 - and NO3 - show potential to reduce MAP. The known reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) following NO3 - supplementation was not observed, making it unclear if NO2 - contributes to a reduction in SBP/DBP alongside NO3 -.
dc.format.extent1-14
dc.identifierARTN 281
dc.identifiernu13020281
dc.identifierhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33498220
dc.identifier.citationJakubcik EM, Rutherfurd-Markwick K, Chabert M, Wong M, Ali A. (2021). Pharmacokinetics of Nitrate and Nitrite Following Beetroot Juice Drink Consumption.. Nutrients. 13. 2. (pp. 1-14).
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/nu13020281
dc.identifier.eissn2072-6643
dc.identifier.elements-typejournal-article
dc.identifier.harvestedMassey_Dark
dc.identifier.issn2072-6643
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10179/19911
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherMDPI (Basel, Switzerland)
dc.relation.isPartOfNutrients
dc.rightsCC BYen_US
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en_US
dc.subjectblood pressure
dc.subjectcardioprotective
dc.subjectcardiovascular disease
dc.subjectnitric oxide
dc.subjectAdolescent
dc.subjectAdult
dc.subjectArterial Pressure
dc.subjectBeta vulgaris
dc.subjectBlood Patch, Epidural
dc.subjectCardiac Output
dc.subjectCross-Over Studies
dc.subjectDietary Supplements
dc.subjectFemale
dc.subjectFruit and Vegetable Juices
dc.subjectHeart Rate
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectMale
dc.subjectMiddle Aged
dc.subjectNitrates
dc.subjectNitrites
dc.subjectYoung Adult
dc.titlePharmacokinetics of Nitrate and Nitrite Following Beetroot Juice Drink Consumption
dc.typeJournal article
pubs.elements-id438694
pubs.organisational-groupOther
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