Conference Papers
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7616
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Item Growth and milk production of dairy heifers born to two-year-old or mixed-age dams(New Zealand Society of Animal Production, 2019-07-02) Handcock RC; Lopez-Villalobos N; Back PJ; Hickson RE; McNaughton LRKeeping replacement heifers that were the progeny of primiparous cows mated by artificial insemination, enhances rates of genetic gain. Heifers that were the progeny of primiparous cows were lighter at birth and grew at a slower rate to first calving compared with heifers born to multiparous dams. Heifers that were heavier before first calving produced more milk than did lighter heifers. This study aimed to determine if there were liveweight (LWT) or milk-production disadvantages for heifers born from primiparous compared with multiparous dams. Data comprised of LWT records from 189,936 New Zealand dairy heifers. Dams were allocated to four groups according to their age: two (2yo; n=13,717), three (3yo; n=39,258), four to eight (4-8yo; n=120,859) and nine years old or greater (≥9yo; n=16,102). Heifers born to 2yo dams were lighter (P<0.01) from three to 21 months of age than heifers born to 3yo and 4-8yo dams. The progeny of 2yo and 3yo dams produced similar milksolids yields during their first lactation (304.9±1.6 and 304.1±1.5 kg, respectively), but more (P<0.01) than that of 4-8yo dams (302.4±1.5) and ≥9yo dams (P<0.001; 297.8±1.6 kg). Heifers born to 2yo dams were lighter but produced more milk than heifers from older dams.Item Realizing natural ventilation potential through window control: The impact of occupant behavior(Elsevier B.V., 2019-01-01) Chen Y; Tong Z; Samuelson H; Wu W; Malkawi AAs an increasingly popular green building technology, natural ventilation (NV) is an effective solution for better thermal comfort and lower HVAC system energy consumption. However, to achieve NV's full potential in practice, it is critical to control windows and HVAC systems. Three main types of control schemes are examined in this study: spontaneous occupant control, informed occupant control, and fully automatic control. Five representative climates, ranging from hot, temperate, to severely cold, are tested for the effectiveness of each control scheme. The results confirmed the superior performance of the fully automatic system, especially with the model predictive control algorithm, which demonstrates a cooling energy saving of 17%-80%, with zero discomfort degree hours. Neither the informed or spontaneous occupant controls are able to maintain the indoor temperature within the comfort range at all times. In particular, the informed occupant operation following the fixed-schedule four-times-daily signals shows the worst thermal control capacity and leads to 1500-4000 discomfort degree hours. In terms of energy performance, the informed occupant control, by following the heuristic control signals, shows the least energy savings and even indicates energy waste in some scenarios. Based on the study's results, it is recommended to either adopt the fully automatic natural ventilation control system to achieve maximum energy-saving potential or allow occupant autonomy for natural ventilation controls to achieve a lower budget for initial installation and maintenance cost.Item Enhancing antioxidant property of instant coffee by microencapsulation via spray drying(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019-01-18) Sakawulan D; Archer R; Borompichaichartkul C; Cárcel JA; Clemente G; García-Pérez JV; Mulet A; Rosselló CThis study is aimed to improve the antioxidant property of instant coffee by using microencapsulation technique and spray drying. Concentrated coffee extract was mixed with Konjac glucomannan hydrolysate (KGMH) and Maltodextrin (MD). The mixture of coating material and coffee extract was then spray dried at 160 - 180 °C inlet air temperature and at 85-90 °C outlet air temperature. KGMH can preserve retention of phenolic compounds, DPPH scavenging activity and antioxidant activity of FRAP (p<0.05 of instant coffee better than other treatment.Item Speaking of Location: Communicating about Space with Geospatial Natural Language(CEUR-WS.org, 2019-09-23) Stock K; Jones CB; Tenbrink T; Stock K; Jones CB; Tenbrink TSpeaking of Location 2019 is the second edition of the Speaking of Location workshop series, which aims to foster transdisciplinary research to address the problem of automatic interpretation and generation of geospatial natural language. This introduction to the workshop proceedings provides background, discussing the definition and nature of geospatial natural language, presenting the papers contained in the proceedings volume, and situating them within the theoretical framework of The Semantic Pyramid, which is also described.Item Exogenous Carbohydrate as an Ergogenic Aid: Recent Advances in Dose and Form and Format(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2019-03-05) Rowlands DS; Rachel Brown; Mackay S; Eyles HPerformance nutrition is as wide and complex topic as the number and diversity of sports available for human endeavor. Nevertheless, over 100 years of evidenced-based outcomes founded upon the science of energy-substrate metabolism provide a body of evidence providing almost certain support for the use of carbohydrate prior to and during most prolonged maximal efforts to enhance performance. This presentation will provide a summary of some of our recent research contributing to the refinements and translation of this general ergogenic theme. Topics covered will include: maximal exogenous-carbohydrate dose response; optimal fructose:glucose/maltodextrin ratio for gut comfort, oxidation rate, and performance; new data on the role of sucrose and very long-chain glucose polymers in glycogen recovery; effects of solid, gel, and drink format; training of the gut, new technologies in sports drinks- the Sub2/Maurten story, and inferences from lab vs in-competition field clinical trials.Item Validity of Quantitative Ultrasound and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis against Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry for Measuring Bone Quality and Body Composition in Children(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2019-03-07) Delshad M; Beck KL; Conlon CA; Mugridge O; Kruger MC; Von Hurst PR; Brown R; Mackay S; Eyles HBackground: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a well-regarded device for primarily measuring bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition. However, its use is limited in children since it is expensive, time-consuming, lacks portability, and exposes children to ionizing radiation. The objective was to examine the validity of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurements against DXA for bone quality and body composition in children (8–13 years) living in Auckland, New Zealand. Methods: Whole body bone mineral content (BMC), BMD, and body composition were measured with DXA (QDR Discovery A, Hologic, USA), BMD and calcaneal stiffness index (SI) with QUS (Sahara QUS, Hologic, USA), and BIA measurements on the InBody 230 (Biospace Ltd., Seoul, Korea). Relative validity was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients, cross-classification, and weighted ĸ-statistic Results: Healthy children (n = 127, 58 boys) were recruited. Positive correlations between QUS -SI and DXA (BMC and BMD) were observed (range = 0.40–0.45) (p < 0.05). QUS-SI correctly classified >50% of participants into the correct tertile and <10% into the opposite tertile when compared with DXA-BMD. Moderate agreement (ĸ = 0.4) was found through weighted ĸ-statistic analysis (between QUS-SI and DXA-BMD). Correlations existed between BIA and DXA for lean mass, fat mass and percentage body fat (range = 0.8–0.97) (p < 0.01). Cross-classification showed a range of 70%–84% of participants were correctly categorized into the same tertile. Weighted ĸ-statistic illustrated good agreement (ĸ = 0.6–0.8) between BIA and DXA variables. Conclusion: We found that the calcaneal QUS-SI appears to be a valid method for identifying children with low BMD as identified by DXA, and BIA is a valid method to assess children’s body composition status since there was a good relative agreement between BIA parameters and DXA values. Our results suggest that calcaneal QUS and BIA could be used to investigate bone health and body composition among children, respectively.Item A top-down approach for setting climate targets for buildings: The case of a New Zealand detached house(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2019-09-05) Chandrakumar C; McLaren SJ; Dowdell D; Jaques RClimate change mitigation requires the construction of low/zero-carbon buildings, and this is a challenge for designers. The use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) provides useful information to support eco-efficiency improvements and therefore, to reduce the climate impacts of building designs. However, it does not provide information about whether a proposed design aligns with achieving the global climate target of limiting global warming to below 1.5C or 2C. This study, therefore, introduces an LCA-based top-down approach for setting climate targets for the whole life cycle of buildings in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. It involves assigning a share of the 2C global carbon budget for 2018-2050 to a country, to the construction sector of the country, and finally to a building. The approach includes a stock model that accounts for the projected growth in the number of buildings and associated climate impacts in a country up to 2050. The proposed approach was applied to a detached house in New Zealand, the most common residential building type in the country; it was found that the climate target of a New Zealand detached house over a 90-year lifetime is 71 tCO2eq. This modelling approach has potential to guide designers and other interested stakeholders in development of building designs enabling the building sector to operate within a selected global climate target (such as the 1.5C or 2C target).Item Can learning analytics provide useful insights? An exploration on course level(Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, 2019-01-01) Heinrich EThis concise paper reports on an analysis of access logs of a first year university course that was delivered in a blended format. This analysis is an initial step in a wider project aimed at investigating if learning analytics can provided useful insights on course level, targeting both student learning and the needs of teachers. Preliminary findings show potential in noting when students need targeted help, a lack of correlation between access logs and grades, and insights into the degree by which course completion rates are affected by the lack of student engagement.Item Back to the future with old-fashioned conversations: Building relationships and individualising support with educational technologies(Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, 2018-01-01) Heinrich E; McDonald J; Campbell M; Willems J; Adachi C; Blake D; Doherty I; Krishnan S; Macfarlane S; Ngo L; O’Donnell M; Palmer S; Riddell L; Story I; Suri H; Tai JRecent advances in ICT have had a profound effect on tertiary education. However, critical and social theorists caution that the relationship between teacher and student is still central and educational research over many years suggests that some of the most successful pedagogical methods are those which strengthen the relationship between teacher and student and which support student development of relatedness, competence and autonomy. In this paper, we propose a new approach to course design and organisation which builds on lessons from the past while taking advantage of the affordances of contemporary technology. We summarise data from interviews with teachers and learning support staff and conclude with our hopes for the future.Item Need for strong university-industry partnerships: A case study in Sri Lanka(EDP Sciences, 2018-11-14) Randil C; Jayasiri G; Perera C; Siriwardana C; Liyanage C; Hettiarachchi SSL; Haigh R; Hakam A; Shin EC; Haigh R; Comfort L; Amaratunga D; Ismail IFA; Ophiyandri T; Haris S; Fauzan F; Hidayat B; Yosritzal Y; Istijono B; Herdianto R; Saravanan SUniversity-Industry Partnerships (UIPs) in the field of DRR have produced several innovative tools, services, and advancements in industrial applications globally. However, from the Sri Lankan perspective, the level of UIPs appear to be significantly lower compared to the global context. In Sri Lanka, a country that has suffered a lot from natural disasters such as landslides and floods especially over the past few years, DRR activities are undertaken by the governmental and private sector organizations and volunteers, mostly as separate entities. This could lead to inefficiencies, overlapping of efforts, and also to the reinvention of the wheel. The Universities as Higher Education Institutions have a key role to play in bringing the aforementioned stakeholders together not only to strengthen the work they do by effective partnerships but also to come up with innovative solutions through research and development. The purpose of this paper is to explore how effective UIPs can be created in Sri Lanka to achieve the above by exploring; 1) current status of UIPs in Sri Lanka; 2) barriers to creating UIPs; 3) needs and opportunities for creating UIPs; 4) identifying best practices in creating strong and sustainable UIPs. The purpose will be fulfilled with the use of a literature review and by gathering stakeholder opinions. The research findings revealed that there is a need to develop a policy that addresses the aspects of knowledge diffusion, production, engagement, increasing the exposure of the academia for the industry and capacity building in universities. This is in order to tackle key barriers to creating UIPs. There is also a need for strong and effective leadership initiatives from universities to ensure sustainability of UIPs in Sri Lanka.
