Journal Articles

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915

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Author: search.filters.author.Brough LSubject: search.filters.subject.Dietary Supplements

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    Food Group Consumption and Nutrient Intake by Breastfeeding Women: Comparison to Current Dietary Guidelines and Nutrient Recommendations.
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2025-01-21) Jin Y; Coad J; Brough L; Billeaud C; Asher O
    BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Optimal nutrition is essential for the health of breastfeeding women and their infants. This study aimed to assess food and nutrient intake and alignment with nutrition guidelines for breastfeeding women living in New Zealand. METHODS: Seventy-six breastfeeding women were enrolled in the longitudinal Mother and Infant Nutrition Investigation study and completed a weighed four-day diet diary including supplement use at three months postpartum. The number of servings consumed for each food group were calculated based on the 2020 Eating and Activity Guidelines for New Zealand Adults. Nutrient intakes were compared to the nutrient reference values for Australia and New Zealand. RESULTS: Overall, the percentages of women who met the recommended number of servings for fruits, vegetables, grain foods, meats and milk/milk products were 25%, 0%, 5%, 34%, and 13%, respectively. None of women met the current recommendations for all food groups. Many participants had intakes below the estimated average requirement or adequate intake and were at risk of nutrient inadequacy for vitamin E (55%), vitamin D (53%), manganese (61%), and selenium (55%). CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding women had a low alignment with the current dietary guidelines and were at risk of an inadequate intake of vitamin E, D, manganese, and selenium. Research to investigate the barriers and enablers of healthy food choices is needed.
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    Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast-Based Supplementation as a Galactagogue in Breastfeeding Women? A Review of Evidence from Animal and Human Studies
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-03) Jia LL; Brough L; Weber JL; Demmelmair H
    Perceived insufficient milk production (PIM) adversely affects breastfeeding duration. Women sometimes use galactagogues with the intent to increase breast milk production and support lactation. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast-based supplement (SCYS) is an inactive form of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (SCY) either obtained from the fermentation process or grown on molasses. Anecdotal evidence suggests SCYS is a galactagogue. SCYS is promoted on the internet as a galactagogue in various forms and doses. Dietary supplementation with SCYS during gestation and lactation significantly increases milk yield in ruminants. No human study has evaluated efficacy of SCYS as a galactagogue. SCYS is rich in B vitamins, beta-glucan, mannan oligosaccharides and bioavailable chromium; these may impact breast milk production or composition, thus may alleviate PIM. The safety of taking SCYS during lactation is not well studied. Studies have reported contamination of SCYS with ochratoxin A (OTA) as well as minor side effects from SCYS. Studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of SCYS on breast milk production and composition and to assess the safety of taking SCYS during lactation in humans.
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    A Mixed-Methods Study of Factors Influencing Access to and Use of Micronutrient Powders in Rwanda
    (Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, 2021-06-30) Dusingizimana T; Weber JL; Ramilan T; Iversen PO; Brough L
    The World Health Organization recommends point-of-use fortification with multiple micronutrients powder (MNP) for foods consumed by children aged 6-23 months in populations where anemia prevalence among children under 2 years or under 5 years of age is 20% or higher. In Rwanda, anemia affects 37% of children under 5 years. The MNP program was implemented to address anemia, but research on factors affecting the implementation of the MNP program is limited. We conducted a mixed-methods study to examine the factors influencing access to and use of MNP among mothers (N=379) in Rutsiro district, northwest Rwanda. Inductive content analysis was used for qualitative data. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with the use of MNP. Qualitative results indicated that the unavailability of MNP supplies and distribution issues were major barriers to accessing MNP. Factors influencing the use of MNP included mothers' perceptions of side effects and health benefits of MNP, as well as inappropriate complementary feeding practices. Mothers of older children (aged 12-23 months) were more likely to use MNP than those of younger children (aged 6-11 months) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=3.63, P<.001). Mothers whose children participated in the supplementary food program were nearly 3 times more likely to use MNP than those whose children had never participated in the program (aOR=2.84, P=.001). Increasing household hunger score was significantly associated with lower odds of using MNP (aOR=0.80, P=.038). Mechanisms to monitor MNP supply and program implementation need to be strengthened to ensure mothers have access to the product. MNP program implementers should address gaps in complementary feeding practices and ensure mothers have access to adequate complementary foods. L'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé recommande l'enrichissement de l'alimentation à domicile (enrichissement sur le point d'utilisation) à l'aide des poudres de micronutriments multiples (PMN) pour les aliments consommés par les enfants âgés de 6 à 23 mois dans les populations où la prévalence de l'anémie chez les enfants de moins de 2 ans ou 5 ans est de 20% ou plus. Au Rwanda, l'anémie touche 37% des enfants de moins de 5 ans et le programme de PMN a été mis en œuvre pour lutter contre l'anémie. Cependant, la recherche sur les facteurs qui affectent la mise en œuvre du programme de PMN est limitée. Nous avons mené une étude par méthodes mixtes pour examiner les facteurs qui influencent l'accès des mères (n=379) à la PMN et son utilisation dans le district de Rutsiro, au nord-ouest du Rwanda. L'analyse du contenu inductif a été utilisée pour les données qualitatives. Pour déterminer les facteurs associés à l'utilisation des PMN, une régression logistique a été utilisée. Les résultats qualitatifs ont indiqué que l'indisponibilité des approvisionnements en PMN et les problèmes de distribution constituaient des obstacles majeurs à l'accès à la PMN. Les facteurs qui influencent l'utilisation des PMN comprenaient les perceptions, chez les mères, des effets secondaires et des avantages des PMN pour la santé, ainsi que des pratiques d'alimentation complémentaire inappropriées. Les mères d'enfants plus âgés (12 à 23 mois) étaient plus susceptibles d'utiliser la PMN que celles d'enfants plus jeunes (6 à 11 mois) (odds ratio ajusté [ORA]=3,63, P<0,001). Les mères des enfants qui avaient participé au programme d'alimentation complémentaire étaient près de 3 fois plus susceptibles d'utiliser la PMN que celles des enfants qui n'avaient jamais participé au programme (ORA=2,84, P=0,001). L'augmentation du score de faim dans les ménages était significativement associée à des chances plus faibles d'utiliser la PMN (ORA=0,80, P=0,038). Les mécanismes de suivi de l'approvisionnement en PMN et de la mise en œuvre du programme doivent être renforcés pour s'assurer que les mères ont accès au produit. Les responsables de la mise en œuvre du programme de PMN devraient combler les lacunes au niveau des pratiques d'alimentation complémentaire et veiller à ce que les mères aient accès à des aliments complémentaires adéquats.
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    Do Micronutrient and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements Affect Human Maternal Immunity during Pregnancy? A Scoping Review
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-01-15) Rees G; Brough L; Orsatti GM; Lodge A; Walker S; Pérez-Cano FJ
    Maternal dietary micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids support development of the fetal and neonatal immune system. Whether supplementation is similarly beneficial for the mother during gestation has received limited attention. A scoping review of human trials was conducted looking for evidence of biochemical, genomic, and clinical effects of supplementation on the maternal immune system. The authors explored the literature on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from 2010 to the present day using PRISMA-ScR methodology. Full-length human trials in English were searched for using general terms and vitamin A, B12, C, D, and E; choline; iodine; iron; selenium; zinc; and docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid. Of 1391 unique articles, 36 were eligible for inclusion. Diverse biochemical and epigenomic effects of supplementation were identified that may influence innate and adaptive immunity. Possible clinical benefits were encountered in malaria, HIV infections, anemia, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, and preventing preterm delivery. Only limited publications were identified that directly explored maternal immunity in pregnancy and the effects of micronutrients. None provided a holistic perspective. It is concluded that supplementation may influence biochemical aspects of the maternal immune response and some clinical outcomes, but the evidence from this review is not sufficient to justify changes to current guidelines.