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- ItemInvestigation of various plant protein ingredients for processed cheese analogues: physical properties and microstructure compared with milk proteins(Oxford University Press on behalf of the Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST), 2025-01-08) Lu D; Roy D; Acevedo-Fani A; Singh H; Ye AThis study evaluated various structural and physical properties of several plant proteins in the context of processed cheese analogues (PCAs). A total of 9 plant protein sources were selected to formulate PCA samples. The samples were processed at 90 ◦C for 10 min using either a rapid visco analyzer or water bath for different tests. Rheological analysis revealed that PCA samples formulated with plant proteins all exhibited solid-like behaviour. PCAs containing legume proteins had a higher storage modulus (G’) than that of rennet casein (RC) cheese samples, while canola protein samples showed the lowest G’ values. Zein-based PCA had the highest hardness and chewiness but softened when subjected to heat during the stretchability test. In contrast, PCAs containing chickpea, mung bean, or pea proteins exhibited similar hardness to RC-based cheeses but had poorer springiness, cohesiveness, and resilience. Plant protein-based PCAs also lacked melting and stretchability properties due to the absence of a continuous protein network. When ranking all proteins in PCAs based on viscosity, rheological, and textural properties, lentil protein scored the highest, followed by hemp and quinoa proteins, performing most similarly to casein protein. The presented comparison of different plant proteins in PCAs provides valuable insights for cheese analogue development.
- ItemHeat-set gelation of milk- and fermentation-derived β-lactoglobulin variants(Elsevier Ltd, 2025-08) Pan Z; Kornet R; Hewitt S; Welman A; Hill JP; Wubbolts M; Mitchell S; McNabb WC; Ye A; Acevedo-Fani A; Anema SGMilk-derived β-lactoglobulin (mβ-LG) and fermentation-derived β-lactoglobulin (fβ-LG) may slightly differ in their amino acid sequences. This study aims to investigate the heat-set gelling behaviour of mβ-LG (variants A, B, and C) and fβ-LG A variants. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated similar denaturation temperatures for mβ-LG A and fβ-LG A (∼75 °C), with mβ-LG C highest (∼81 °C) and mβ-LG B intermediate (∼78 °C). All fβ-LG A formed translucent gels with a fine-stranded structure, whereas mβ-LG A, B, and C formed opaque gels with a coarse particulate structure. fβ-LG A exhibited delayed gelation onset and lower gel stiffness compared to mβ-LG A. Among mβ-LG's, mβ-LG A showed the highest gel stiffness, followed by mβ-LG B and then mβ-LG C. Rheological analysis showed that fβ-LG A gels were more elastic and ductile compared to mβ-LG A gels, indicated by smaller tan δ values and delayed increases in energy dissipation ratio at higher strain amplitude; mβ-LG B and mβ-LG C gels were less elastic but more ductile compared to mβ-LG A gels. The more elastic and ductile nature of fβ-LG A gels indicates their potential for applications requiring these specific textural properties. By selecting mβ-LG variants from milk and/or utilizing precision fermentation to engineer additional differences, it is possible to tailor the gelation characteristics of β-LG to meet specific functional requirements.
- ItemThe communication of volcano information in New Zealand–a narrative review(Taylor and Francis Group on behalf of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2025-02-13) Das M; Becker JS; Doyle EEH; Charlton D; Clive MA; Krippner J; Vinnell LJ; Miller C; Stewart C; Gabrielsen H; Potter SH; Leonard GS; Johnston DM; Tapuke K; Fournier N; McBride SKCommunication of volcano information is critical for effective volcanic risk management. A variety of information is communicated to inform decisions and guide actions for planning, preparedness, and response. Such information needs to be reliable, and fit-for-purpose across different stages of volcanic activity (quiescence, unrest, short or long-term eruptive stages, and the post-eruptive stage). However, an understanding of communication across these different stages of volcanic activity remains limited. We undertook a narrative review of New Zealand literature to explore what information is communicated about volcanoes, across which stages of activity and by whom. Results highlight that NZ literature only documents certain aspects of volcano information and communication, specifically regarding certain locations, stages of volcanic activity (i.e. quiescence or unrest), or hazards. Literature gaps exist regarding volcano communication during unrest and post-eruptive stages, as well as how volcano information evolves between these phases, and how decision-makers use such information. Additional work would be useful to document existing examples of volcano information for different stages of activity. Further research could help in understanding the information needs of decision-makers during each of these stages to improve information and communication.
- ItemKnowledge-based dynamic capabilities for managing paradoxical tensions in circular business model innovation: an empirical exploration of an incumbent firm(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2024-12-16) Pascucci F; Pizzichini L; Sabatini A; Temperini V; Mueller JPurpose This paper aims to gain insights into the paradoxical tensions emerging from circular business model innovation (CBMI) and how to overcome them by developing a theoretical framework drawing on two theoretical streams: firstly, the paradox theory for shedding light on the often “invisible” contradictions generated by the implementation of circular economy (CE) principles in business model transformation; and secondly, the dynamic capability theory that can contribute to the investigation of how to manage these contradictions. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a longitudinal case study approach to gain an in-depth understanding of the transformation and challenges faced by an incumbent firm in adopting a circular business model. Qualitative research methods are used to explore the paradoxical tensions and dynamic capabilities involved in the process. Findings The study finds that incumbent firms face numerous challenges and paradoxical tensions in the CBMI process. These tensions arise from difficulties in implementing organizational changes, balancing competing priorities and managing conflicting goals. Dynamic capabilities are crucial in managing these tensions and facilitating the transition to a circular business model. Research limitations/implications This paper contributes to the theoretical development of paradox theory by applying it to the new field of CBMI which is currently slightly investigated and responds to the call for studies looking at more fine-grained types of sustainable business models. The study adds to previous literature that how the firm handles paradoxes and tensions influences the pace and results of the process. If the firm becomes discouraged during the early stages of identifying new opportunities, the pace slows down, and the firm becomes hesitant to collaborate more with partners. Furthermore, the ability to capitalize on these opportunities is affected by these tensions and contradictions. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by empirically investigating the process of CBMI in incumbent firms. It fills the gap in existing research by examining the existence of paradoxical tensions in a real-life setting and exploring the role of dynamic capabilities in managing these tensions. The findings provide practical insights for firms seeking a transition towards a CE and highlight that the ability to sense the external context should be developed as the new business model entails a central role of external actors.
- ItemCharacterization of the extracellular polymeric substances matrix of Pseudomonas biofilms formed at the air-liquid interface(Elsevier Ltd, 2025-01-27) Muthuraman S; Flint S; Palmer JPseudomonas are common psychotropic food spoilage organisms that affect the quality of aerobically chilled food products. Biofilm formation of these bacteria on food contact surfaces can provide a continuous contamination source, leading to food spoilage. Pseudomonas produce proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes which lead to organoleptic degradation of stored food products. The biofilm extracellular polymeric substances matrix (EPS) protects the bacterial cells from CIP (Cleaning-In-Place) chemicals and adverse conditions. Studies on the composition of the EPS matrix and the molecules present in the EPS matrix are limited. In this study, the EPS composition of mono-species biofilms of Pseudomonas lundensis and Pseudomonas cedrina on polystyrene and stainless-steel surfaces was characterized by chemical analysis and microscopical observations. The biofilms were allowed to grow on polystyrene and stainless-steel surfaces with half-strength TSB for 2 weeks at 30 °C and cold chain temperatures of 7 °C and 4 °C. The EPS was extracted by sonication and centrifugation and chemically analysed for cellulose, total polysaccharides, total proteins, and eDNA. Pseudomonas isolates in this study formed biofilms at the air-liquid interface. The formation of ring-like structures of cells was observed on the polystyrene surface. eDNA formed as a thread-like structure on a polystyrene surface while it formed channels on a stainless-steel surface. The amount of EPS varied at different temperatures. More EPS was formed at 4 °C than 30 °C. Flagellin, Clp protease, Arginine deiminase, and ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporter substrate-binding proteins were the key proteins identified in the biofilm matrix of P. lundensis.
- ItemMolecular survey of canine parvovirus type 2: the emergence of subtype 2c in New Zealand(Taylor and Francis Group on behalf of the New Zealand Veterinary Association, 2025-02-10) Dunowska M; Bain H; Bond SAIMS: To determine the genetic makeup of carnivore parvoviruses currently circulating in New Zealand; to investigate their evolutionary patterns; and to compare these viruses with those detected during the previous New Zealand-based survey (2009-2010). METHODS: Faecal samples from dogs (n = 40) with a clinical diagnosis of parvovirus enteritis were voluntarily submitted by veterinarians from throughout New Zealand. In addition, one sample was collected from a cat with comparable clinical presentation. The samples were used for DNA extraction and PCR amplification of viral protein 2 (VP2) of canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2). All samples produced amplicons of the expected sizes, which were then sequenced. The viruses were subtyped based on the presence of specific amino acids at defined locations. In addition, VP2 sequences were analysed using phylogeny and molecular network analysis. RESULTS: The majority (30/40; 75%) of CPV-2-infected dogs were younger than 6 months and 8/40 (20%) were aged between 9 months and 1 year. Most (39/41; 95%) parvoviruses were subtyped as CPV-2c, and one as the original CPV-2. The faecal sample from a cat was positive for feline panleukopenia virus. The majority (37/39; 95%) of New Zealand CPV-2c viruses were monophyletic. The remaining two New Zealand CPV-2c viruses clustered with Chinese and Sri Lankan CPV-2c viruses, separately from the main New Zealand clade. CONCLUSIONS: There has been an apparent replacement of the CPV-2a viruses with CPV-2c viruses in New Zealand between 2011 and 2019. The source of the current CPV-2c viruses remains undetermined. The monophyletic nature of the majority of viruses detected most likely reflects a country-wide spread of the most successful genotype. However, an occasional introduction of CPV-2 from overseas cannot be excluded. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Current vaccines appear to be protective against disease caused by the CPV-2c viruses currently circulating in New Zealand. Vaccination and protection from environmental sources of CPV-2 until the development of vaccine-induced immunity remains the cornerstone of protection in young dogs against parvovirus enteritis. Ongoing monitoring of the genetic changes in CPV-2 is important, as it would allow early detection of variants that may be more likely to escape vaccine-induced immunity.
- ItemConsumer responses to smoke-impacted pinot noir wine and the influence of label concepts on perception(Elsevier Ltd, 2025-02-01) Fryer JA; Dupas de Matos A; Hort J; Tomasino EWhile wildfire's impacts on wine have been considered a defect due to the introduction of smoke-related off-flavours, limited studies have investigated consumers responses to smoke-impacted wines. The aims of this work were (i) to explore how New Zealand consumers respond to smoke-impacted wine; (ii) confirm whether clusters of consumers existed and characterise them by their liking of smoky flavours in foods/beverages and subjective wine knowledge; and (iii) explore how different label concepts influence consumer responses. Participants responded to liking, emotions, and perceived sensory attributes of five blends of smoke-impacted wine with non-impacted wine, along with a smoke-impacted wine presented with four different label concepts. Two clusters of consumers were identified, with one disliking the smoke-impacted wine (smoke-dislikers) and the other cluster liking (smoke-liker). The smoke-liker cluster indicated a greater liking of smoke flavours in foods and beverages, along with a higher level of subjective wine knowledge. For the labels, the introduction of the label concept significantly increased liking of the wine for the smoke-dislikers, as well as had the power to elicit different emotions and sensory experiences. This research provides vital information to the wine industry as they adapt to future wildfire years, along with how the distinct sensory profile may not be detrimental to consumer acceptance and can be modulated by the type of information on label. Further research is needed to explore how different populations and wine styles correlate with these findings, and the effects of varying levels of smoke exposure in Pinot noir and other grape varietals.
- ItemDevelopment of Biphasic Culture System for an Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana PfBb Strain and Its Virulence on a Defoliating Moth Phauda flammans (Walker)(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2025-03-05) Gao Y-P; Shi D-X; Li Y-H; He XZ; Wang X-Y; Lin K; Zheng X-LBeauveria bassiana PfBb is a new strain with high host specificity to the target pest Phauda flammans. We conducted a series of experiments to optimize the biphasic fermentation system of B. bassiana PfBb by screening the medium compositions and fermentation environmental conditions in both liquid and solid fermentations. In the liquid fermentation, glucose and yeast extract with a C:N ratio of 17:1 were the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for B. bassiana PfBb mycelium growth and blastospore production, and liquid fermentation with an inoculation concentration of 1 × 108/mL and an inoculum content of 50 mL conidial suspension, at 180 rpm/min rotation speed, pH 7 and 26 °C, favored mycelium growth. However, additional trace elements did not significantly improve liquid fermentation. In the solid fermentation, wheat bran and chaff at a ratio of 8:2 were identified as the best substrates that facilitated B. bassiana PfBb sporulation and conidial germination, and optimal substrates with 20% inoculum content, 50% water content, and 3-day fermentation in darkness had the highest conidia yield. The resulting conidia, stored at −20, 4, and 20 °C for one year, did not significantly change the water content, and with prolonged storage duration, conidial germination was significantly higher at −20 and 4 °C. Moreover, conidia stored at 4 °C for one year maintained its validity and virulence, which were toxic to all instar larvae of P. flammans. Our results provide essential support for the commercial production of B. bassiana PfBb-based biopesticides.
- ItemThree new species of flat mites (Acari: Tetranychoidea: Tenuipalpidae) from alpine New Zealand(Acarologia, 2025-01-27) Khaustov AA; Minor MA; Auger PFemale, male and deutonymph of Acaricis brevicaudus sp. nov., female and deutonymph of Dolichotetranychus tuberculatus sp. nov., and female of Pentamerismus corniger sp. nov. are described and illustrated from alpine cushion fields in New Zealand. Both A. brevicaudus sp. nov. and D. tuberculatus sp. nov. are associated with the cushion-forming ultra-dwarf shrub Dracophyllum muscoides Hook. f. (Ericaceae). The host plant for P. corniger sp. nov. is currently unknown. The diagnosis of Acaricis Beard and Gerson is modified. Additionally, Pentamerismus is recorded from New Zealand for the first time.
- ItemUnderstanding Secondary Inservice Teachers’ Perceptions and Practices of Implementing Integrated STEM Education(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2025-02-19) Berry A; Carpendale J; Mulhall P; Corni FIntegrated STEM (i-STEM) education is attracting attention from educators and researchers worldwide to improve student achievement and engagement in STEM subjects and encourage the take-up of STEM-related careers. Multiple models of STEM integration have been proposed, and how i-STEM is interpreted and enacted in school contexts appears to vary considerably. This article reports the perceptions and practices of a group of Australian secondary school teachers with a commitment to implementing i-STEM in their schools but who have not received any specific professional development in this domain. Through individual, qualitative interviews, the study revealed considerable variation in how the teachers interpreted and enacted i-STEM in their schools. Teachers tended to develop learning activities that prioritized the subject area of their particular expertise and that had only tenuous links to mathematics. They considered i-STEM more engaging for their students than traditional subjects but were constrained in their planning by their various school regimes concerning assessment, curricula, and timetables. These structural and systemic impediments represent a core challenge for STEM teachers and teaching as greater numbers of schools and teachers in Australia are expected to implement some form of i-STEM education. Insights from this study point to the importance of developing support structures that allow for variations in context, as well as teacher interest and experience, yet that embrace a coherent and cohesive view of i-STEM, in the absence of a formal STEM curriculum and available professional development opportunities
