Journal Articles

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915

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Author: search.filters.author.Chandrakumar CHas files: Yes

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    Dynamic carbon budgets and carbon debts for Aotearoa New Zealand and its building sector
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2026-01-01) Weerasinghe SN; McLaren SJ; Boulic M; Dowdell D; Chandrakumar C
    The remaining carbon budget (RCB) is a crucial parameter when setting climate budgets for nations and economic sectors that want to measure their progress in climate change mitigation. The Paris Agreement is the most widely used and accepted climate change mitigation target, and the global RCB specified by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) provides the carbon budget remaining from the beginning of 2020 that can be emitted as CO2 before the Paris Agreement’s target is exceeded. This research investigates the global RCB allocation to the national and building sector level in Aotearoa New Zealand, including consideration of different sharing approaches and modelling of potential future dynamic parameters for the RCB allocation, that are required to stay below 1.5 °C warming between the years 2024 and 2050. The average national RCB ranges from 159 to 339 MtCO₂ from year 2024; based on an average annual emissions rate of 38 MtCO₂, it will be depleted in 4–8 years. Therefore, this study proposed a dynamic carbon debt framework that provides a more realistic representation of dynamic RCBs and the carbon debt over future years. Key findings include the urgency of timely interventions, the need for additional mitigation strategies beyond the current policy approach which is largely focused on increased plantation forestry, and the usefulness of time-disaggregated carbon budgeting to address exhaustion of the RCB. Overall, this study demonstrates the relevance of dynamic budgeting to guide effective climate policy at both the national and building sector levels.
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    Lifetime climate impacts of diet transitions: a novel climate change accounting perspective
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-05-17) Barnsley JE; Chandrakumar C; Gonzalez-Fischer C; Eme PE; Bourke BEP; Smith NW; Dave LA; McNabb WC; Clark H; Frame DJ; Lynch J; Roche JR; Carolan M
    Dietary transitions, such as eliminating meat consumption, have been proposed as one way to reduce the climate impact of the global and regional food systems. However, it should be ensured that replacement diets are indeed nutritious and that climate benefits are accurately accounted for. This study uses New Zealand food consumption as a case study for exploring the cumulative climate impact of adopting the national dietary guidelines and the substitution of meat from hypothetical diets. The new GWP* metric is used as it was designed to better reflect the climate impacts of the release of methane than the de facto standard 100-year Global Warming Potential metric (GWP100). A transition at age 25 to the hypothetical dietary guideline diet reduces cumulative warming associated with diet by 7 to 9% at the 100th year compared with consuming the average New Zealand diet. The reduction in diet-related cumulative warming from the transition to a hypothetical meat-substituted diet varied between 12 and 15%. This is equivalent to reducing an average individual's lifetime warming contribution by 2 to 4%. General improvements are achieved for nutrient intakes by adopting the dietary guidelines compared with the average New Zealand diet; however, the substitution of meat items results in characteristic nutrient differences, and these differences must be considered alongside changes in emission profiles.
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    Correction: Barnsley et al. Lifetime Climate Impacts of Diet Transitions: A Novel Climate Change Accounting Perspective. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5568
    (MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-07) Barnsley JE; Chandrakumar C; Gonzalez-Fischer C; Eme PE; Bourke BEP; Smith NW; Dave LA; McNabb WC; Clark H; Frame DJ; Lynch J; Roche JR
    The authors would like to make the following corrections about the published paper The changes are as follows: (1) Replacing the Conflicts of Interest: Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. with Conflict of Interest: The Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) is the regulator for New Zealand’s entire primary sector. As regulator, we are responsive to the needs of all food-producing industries and have a wide range of other responsibilities. In a practical sense, our role includes protecting New Zealand from biological risk, increasing food production, minimising environmental impacts, and ensuring the food we produce in New Zealand is safe for consumers. The primary sector is wide-ranging and includes our arable and horticulture industries, as well as our red meat, dairy, fisheries and aquaculture industries. The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. The original publication has also been updated.
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    Earthquake early warning systems based on low-cost ground motion sensors: A systematic literature review
    (Frontiers Media S.A, 3/11/2022) Chandrakumar C; Prasanna R; Stephens M; Tan ML
    Earthquake early warning system (EEWS) plays an important role in detecting ground shaking during an earthquake and alerting the public and authorities to take appropriate safety measures, reducing possible damages to lives and property. However, the cost of high-end ground motion sensors makes most earthquake-prone countries unable to afford an EEWS. Low-cost Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based ground motion sensors are becoming a promising solution for constructing an affordable yet reliable and robust EEWS. This paper contributes to advancing Earthquake early warning (EEW) research by conducting a literature review investigating different methods and approaches to building a low-cost EEWS using MEMS-based sensors in different territories. The review of 59 articles found that low-cost MEMS-based EEWSs can become a feasible solution for generating reliable and accurate EEW, especially for developing countries and can serve as a support system for high-end EEWS in terms of increasing the density of the sensors. Also, this paper proposes a classification for EEWSs based on the warning type and the EEW algorithm adopted. Further, with the support of the proposed EEWS classification, it summarises the different approaches researchers attempted in developing an EEWS. Following that, this paper discusses the challenges and complexities in implementing and maintaining a low-cost MEMS-based EEWS and proposes future research areas to improve the performance of EEWSs mainly in 1) exploring node-level processing, 2) introducing multi-sensor support capability, and 3) adopting ground motion-based EEW algorithms for generating EEW.