Journal Articles
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915
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Item Real-time human pose estimation and tracking on monocular videos: A systematic literature review(Elsevier B V, 2025-11-28) Chen Y; Feng Z; Paes D; Nilsson D; Lovreglio RReal-time human pose estimation and tracking on monocular videos is a fundamental task in computer vision with a wide range of applications. Recently, benefiting from deep learning-based methods, it has received impressive progress in performance. Although some works have reviewed and summarised the advancements in this field, few have specifically focused on real-time performance and monocular video-based solutions. The goal of this review is to bridge this gap by providing a comprehensive understanding of real-time monocular video-based human pose estimation and tracking, encompassing both 2D and 3D domains, as well as single-person and multi-person scenarios. To achieve this objective, this paper systematically reviews 68 papers published between 2014 and 2024 to answer six research questions. This review brings new insights into computational efficiency measures and hardware configurations of existing methods. Additionally, this review provides a deep discussion on trade-off strategies for accuracy and efficiency in real-time systems. Finally, this review highlights promising directions for future research and provides practical solutions for real-world applications.Item Ethanolic Extrusion of Indica Rice Flour for Rice Noodle Production(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2025-05) Fu M; Zhou X; Tian HS; Chen Y; Jin Z; Patra JKDue to the absence of gluten, rice noodles require complex processing to achieve a desirable texture. This study developed ethanolic-extruded indica rice flour (EERF) as a novel gluten substitute to simplify rice noodle production. EERF exhibited a distinct V-type crystalline structure (7.89% crystallinity) and high cold-paste viscosity (1043 cP), enabling its use as a binder in rice dough. When blended with native indica rice flour (IRF) at 10–20%, the EERF-IRF premix formed a cohesive dough with water via cold gelation, imparting viscoelasticity and tensile resistance. Optimal formulation (15% EERF for the premix and 37% water for making the dough) yielded fresh rice noodles with reduced cooking loss (5.57%) and a reduced breakage rate (14.44%), alongside enhanced sensory scores. This approach offers a clean-label, industrially scalable solution for producing rice noodles with simplified processing and improved quality.Item Comprehensive analysis of molecular characteristics between primary and breast-derived metastatic ovarian cancer(AME Publishing Company, 2025-03-30) Long J; Liu B; Li J; Ji X; Zhu N; Zhuang X; Wang H; Li L; Chen Y; Li X; Zhao SBackground: The molecular basis for the disparities between primary ovarian cancer (POC) and ovarian cancer secondary to breast cancer (OCSTBC) remains poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the different characteristics between them through genomic analysis. Methods: We performed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis between POC (n=96) and OCSTBC (n=44) groups with transcriptome data and revealed the enriched biological pathways with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Hallmark gene sets between these two groups. Then, the Microenvironment Cell Populations (MCP)-counter and Cell-type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcript (CIBERSORT) algorithms were applied to evaluate the immune infiltration in tumor microenvironment (TME) between them. Finally, we performed the association analysis within single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data and obtained some meaningful SNPs and candidate genes for further transcriptomic analysis. Results: We identified a total of 13 cancer-related genes including GATA3, FOXA1, CCND1, and TTK between POC (n=96) and OCSTBC (n=44) groups with DEGs analysis. Integrated analysis revealed more significant immune-enriched pathways in the POC than in the OCSTBC group. Most immune cells had higher infiltration abundance in POC, except M2 macrophages, which was higher in OCSTBC. In SNP analysis, four SNP regions (8q12.1, 11q21, 11q24.3, and 17q25.3) were found to be significantly correlated with phenotypes (POC/OCSTBC), and importantly, some new susceptibility genes such as ETS1, CWC15, and XKR4 were revealed to potentially be associated with distinction between POC and OCSTBC. Conclusions: Our study provides a systematic molecular characteristic between POC and OCSTBC and suggests a pressing need to develop some specific therapeutic strategies in certain types of ovarian cancer.Item Sensory Profile of Kombucha Brewed with New Zealand Ingredients by Focus Group and Word Clouds(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-06-23) Alderson H; Liu C; Mehta A; Gala HS; Mazive NR; Chen Y; Zhang Y; Wang S; Serventi L; Viejo CG; Fuentes SKombucha is a yeast and bacterially fermented tea that is often described as having an acetic, fruity and sour flavour. There is a particular lack of sensory research around the use of Kombucha with additional ingredients such as those from the pepper family, or with hops. The goal of this project was to obtain a sensory profile of Kombucha beverages with a range of different ingredients, particularly of a novel Kombucha made with only Kawakawa (Piper excelsum) leaves. Other samples included hops and black pepper. Instrumental data were collected for all the Kombucha samples, and a sensory focus group of eight semi-trained panellists were set up to create a sensory profile of four products. Commercially available Kombucha, along with reference training samples were used to train the panel. Kawakawa Kombucha was found to be the sourest of the four samples and was described as having the bitterest aftertaste. The instrumental results showed that the Kawakawa Kombucha had the highest titratable acidity (1.55 vs. 1.21–1.42 mL) as well as the highest alcohol percentage (0.40 vs. 0.15–0.30%). The hops sample had the highest pH (3.72 vs. 3.49–3.54), with the lowest titratable acidity (1.21), and, from a basic poll, was the most liked of the samples. Each Kombucha had its own unique set of sensory descriptors with particular emphasis on the Kawakawa product, having unique mouthfeel descriptors as a result of some of the compounds found in Kawakawa. This research has led to a few areas that could be further studied, such as the characteristics of the Piperaceae family under fermentation and the different effects or the foaminess of the Kawakawa Kombucha, which is not fully explained.Item Local-enhanced representation for text-based person search(Elsevier B.V., 2024-12-12) Zhang G; Chen Y; Zheng Y; Martin G; Wang RText-based person search is a critical task in intelligent security, designed to locate a person of interest by text descriptions. The primary challenge in this task is to effectively bridge the significant gap between the text and image domains while simultaneously extracting the discriminative features that are crucial for the accurate identification of individuals. Existing methods have made some effective attempts by conducting cross-modal matching at the fine-grained representation level. However, these approaches frequently overlook two crucial factors: (i) the presence of noise in the local features during information fusion, and (ii) the lack of intra-modal matching when measuring feature similarity. To address the above issues, we propose a novel local-enhanced representation framework in this paper. Specifically, to restrain noises in local features, we design a Relation-based cross-modal local-enhanced fusion module, which can filter out weak related information by relation assessment. In addition, we explore an intra-cross modal projection strategy to overcome the limitations of existing cross-modal projection methods. This strategy jointly applies the intra-modal and cross-modal matching constrains in feature distribution. Finally, experiments on three mainstream datasets verify the performance superiority of our proposed method compared to existing state-of-the-art methods.Item Examining the replicability of online experiments selected by a decision market.(Nature Research, 2024-11-19) Holzmeister F; Johannesson M; Camerer CF; Chen Y; Ho T-H; Hoogeveen S; Huber J; Imai N; Imai T; Jin L; Kirchler M; Ly A; Mandl B; Manfredi D; Nave G; Nosek BA; Pfeiffer T; Sarafoglou A; Schwaiger R; Wagenmakers E-J; Waldén V; Dreber AHere we test the feasibility of using decision markets to select studies for replication and provide evidence about the replicability of online experiments. Social scientists (n = 162) traded on the outcome of close replications of 41 systematically selected MTurk social science experiments published in PNAS 2015-2018, knowing that the 12 studies with the lowest and the 12 with the highest final market prices would be selected for replication, along with 2 randomly selected studies. The replication rate, based on the statistical significance indicator, was 83% for the top-12 and 33% for the bottom-12 group. Overall, 54% of the studies were successfully replicated, with replication effect size estimates averaging 45% of the original effect size estimates. The replication rate varied between 54% and 62% for alternative replication indicators. The observed replicability of MTurk experiments is comparable to that of previous systematic replication projects involving laboratory experiments.Item Integrative analysis identifies two molecular and clinical subsets in Luminal B breast cancer(Elsevier Inc, 2023-09-15) Wang H; Liu B; Long J; Yu J; Ji X; Li J; Zhu N; Zhuang X; Li L; Chen Y; Liu Z; Wang S; Zhao SComprehensive multiplatform analysis of Luminal B breast cancer (LBBC) specimens identifies two molecularly distinct, clinically relevant subtypes: Cluster A associated with cell cycle and metabolic signaling and Cluster B with predominant epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune response pathways. Whole-exome sequencing identified significantly mutated genes including TP53, PIK3CA, ERBB2, and GATA3 with recurrent somatic mutations. Alterations in DNA methylation or transcriptomic regulation in genes (FN1, ESR1, CCND1, and YAP1) result in tumor microenvironment reprogramming. Integrated analysis revealed enriched biological pathways and unexplored druggable targets (cancer-testis antigens, metabolic enzymes, kinases, and transcription regulators). A systematic comparison between mRNA and protein displayed emerging expression patterns of key therapeutic targets (CD274, YAP1, AKT1, and CDH1). A potential ceRNA network was developed with a significantly different prognosis between the two subtypes. This integrated analysis reveals a complex molecular landscape of LBBC and provides the utility of targets and signaling pathways for precision medicine.Item Investigation on in-situ deoxygenation performance of bio-oil model compound guaiacol over Ce-Fe/Al2O3 catalyst(Elsevier B V on behalf of Shandong University, 2023-06-15) Yang M; Chen Y; Wang Y; Yang L; Cui W; Liu Y; Wang C; Chen QThe investigation of the low-cost deoxygenation of guaiacol (GUA, a model bio-oil compound) is of importance for upgrading bio-oil. At present, common sulfide catalysts for GUA deoxygenation reactions cause contamination of the liquid product, and noble metal catalysts are economically disadvantageous. In this study, four reduced Fe-based oxides with different Ce doping ratios were prepared and their effects on the in-situ deoxygenation performance of GUA in aqueous/methanol hydrogen donor solvents were explored. The results based on the deoxygenation degree, conversion degree, and higher heating value (HHV) of the products showed that the oxide catalyst with a Fe/Ce molar ratio of 2:1 in the methanol solvent performed very well. After selecting an excellent catalyst and a better hydrogen donor solvent, four factors (reaction temperature, reaction time, volume ratio of GUA dosage and methanol dosage, and the ratio of catalyst dosage at the bottom of the reactor to that at the top) in the deoxygenation degree of GUA were investigated using an orthogonal experimental method to further explore the performance of the catalyst. The results showed that the reaction temperature and time greatly influenced GUA deoxygenation. Under optimal experimental conditions, the deoxygenation degree and conversion degree of GUA could reach 34.36% and 92.56%, respectively, based on the relative peak area of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the HHV of the liquid product was 32.27 MJ/kg. Although Fe/Ce catalysts mainly promote demethoxylation, demethylation, and methylation, the stability and quality of the liquid products were improved compared with GUA owing to the reduction in phenolic hydroxyl and ether content. The reduced catalyst in the process of GUA in-situ deoxygenation reactions in methanol maintained a steady performance, as revealed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence.Item Does information asymmetry lead to higher debt financing? Evidence from China during the NTS Reform period(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2018-07-16) Qu W; Wongchoti U; Wu F; Chen YPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to test an implication of the pecking order theory to explain capital structure decisions among Chinese listed companies during the 2005-2007 NTS Reform transition period. Design/methodology/approach: The authors utilize direct proxies for information asymmetry based on microstructure models including Probability of the arrival of informed trades (PIN), Adverse selection component of the bid-ask spread (λ), Illiquidity ratio (ILLIQ) and liquidity ratio, and Information asymmetry index (InfoAsy) to examine their relation with firms’ debt financing. Findings: Consistent with the prediction of Pecking Order Theory, the authors find that companies for which stock investors are challenged with more severe informational disadvantages are associated with higher degree of leverage use. Originality/value: The study provides a more direct test on the positive relation between information asymmetry and financial leverage of Chinese firms. In contrast to previous findings by Chen (2004), the results suggest that capital structure choices among Chinese firms progressively conform to conventional finance theories (e.g. Pecking Order Theory) with the decline of non-tradable shares.Item High Protein Yangyu jiaotuan (洋芋搅团): In Vitro Oral-Gastro-Small Intestinal Starch Digestion and Some Physico-Chemical, Textural, Microstructural, and Rheological Properties(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2023-06-23) Zeng F; Abhilasha A; Chen Y; Zhao Y; Liu G; Kaur L; Singh J; Rodríguez‑García MEBiomimetic foods are expected to have potential health benefits for the management and prevention of chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In the current research, two commercially available and affordable plant proteins (soy protein isolate-SPI and pea protein isolate-PPI) at two levels (5%, 10%) were added to the Yangyu jiaotuan with the objective of developing a product with reduced glycaemic properties and high protein content while maintaining its original taste and texture. The results showed that several important textural properties such as hardness and chewiness did not change significantly during the refrigerated storage. The storage modulus G' increased with refrigerated storage time for different samples, but there were significant differences among the five samples (with and without protein addition) with respect to frequency dependence during rheological measurements. The in vitro starch digestion experiments showed that the starch hydrolysis of Yangyu jiaotuan decreased considerably (by up to 42.08%) with the increase in PPI content and during refrigerated storage due to starch retrogradation. Protein has protected the microstructure and there was less damage when compared to samples without protein. The bimodal peaks of the particle size distribution curves showed that the newly developed Yangyu jiaotuan contains two different sizes of particles; the smaller particles (~30 μm) corresponded to PPI and starch granules, while the larger particles corresponded to the fragments of the gel network of the starch matrix. Based on the above results, Yangyu jiaotuan mixed with pea protein is a convenient potato staple food product, which complies with the biomimetic potato food very well.