Journal Articles
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/7915
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Item Planning for sustainable development and tourism in biosphere reserves: a metagovernance appraisal(Taylor and Francis Group, 2025-11-25) Amore A; Adie BA; Carnicelli-Filho S; Lunden A; Hall CMBiosphere Reserves can be incubators for innovative approaches that foster sustainable tourism and destination resilience. Yet, research focusing on management and planning at Biospheres Reserves is limited and fragmented. In particular, it fails to address how the overarching Biosphere Reserve programme and the UN-SDGs framing influence Biosphere Reserve at the site level. The aim of this study is to analyse tourism-relevant policies and regulations implemented at Biosphere Reserves and the currently overlooked nexus between the Biosphere Reserve programme and the UN-SDGs. Two Biosphere Reserves sites were chosen for this study: the Archipelago Sea Area Biosphere Reserve in Finland and the Galloway and Southern Ayrshire Biosphere in the United Kingdom. A metagovernance appraisal was adopted to analyse context and processes, governance archetypes, limitations and metagovernance alternatives. The findings indicate that there are different political and institutional governance framings at the two reserves leading to diverging approaches to sustainable tourism. Additionally, sites resort to metagovernance alternatives to address governance shortcomings and foster policy coherency. This study contributes to a greater understanding of governance practices within the context of Biosphere Reserves and provides a timely appraisal of site planning and metagovernance from a public policy and tourism perspectives.Item Institutional limits of sustainability in tourism governance: changing governance rationalities in protected area tourism in Finland(Taylor and Francis Group, 2025-10-02) Lundén A; Saarinen J; Hall CMThis study examines the co-evolution of tourism and the administration of Finnish protected areas (PAs), specifically focusing on how administrative legitimacy-seeking influences sustainable tourism governance. Drawing on concepts from new institutional theory, namely isomorphism (organizational convergence), legitimacy-seeking (the pursuit of societal approval), and decoupling (the separation of formal structures from practices), we analyse key policy documents and annual reports from Finnish Parks and Wildlife from 2005 to 2018. The findings of our study reveal a dual shift in PA governance: ‘platformisation,’ where PAs are transformed into state-orchestrated platforms that facilitate the creation of value and legitimacy through the growth of tourism, and ‘corporatization,’ where private sector governance logics are adopted within public administration. These shifts redefine the state's role in commercializing nature, emphasizing economic outputs and regional development mediated by tourism. We observe a decoupling of organizational practices between broader environmental policies and tourism development objectives, driven by the pursuit of legitimacy. Overall, this research contributes to the critical discourse on the evolution of PA governance. It highlights the significance of understanding these institutional constraints in the context of sustainable tourism governance and evaluates the wider environmental policy implications of tourism growth.Item When AI Meets Livestreaming: Exploring the Impact of Virtual Anchor on Tourist Travel Intention(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2025-09-03) Zhu Z; Hall CM; Tao L; Qin Z; Li Y; Khan J; Belk R; Zuo NThe development of Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has brought new ideas and opportunities to destination marketing. However, existing studies lack sufficient empirical research to explore the impact of AI anchors on tourists’ travel intentions. To fill this research gap, this study explores the influence of perceived anthropomorphism and perceived playfulness on tourists’ telepresence, inspiration, and travel intention in AI virtual anchor-based travel livestreaming. Through the analysis of 291 valid data sets, it was found that in AI virtual anchor-based travel livestreaming, perceived anthropomorphism positively affects telepresence but does not affect tourists’ inspiration. Playfulness positively affects tourists’ telepresence and inspiration in AI virtual anchor-based travel livestreaming. This study also found that neither perceived anthropomorphism nor perceived playfulness directly affects tourists’ travel intention, but both can be achieved through the mediating effect of telepresence. The findings provide empirical evidence of the value for tourism researchers and destinations in adopting AI technology for livestreaming.Item Place Identity and Environmental Conservation in Heritage Tourism: Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior to Iranian Rural Heritage Villages(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2025-08-04) Torabi Z-A; Rezvani MR; Hall CM; Davani P; Bakhshaei B; Cheung LTOThis study examines the determinants of environmentally responsible behavior among tourists in the heritage villages of Paveh County, Iran, through an integrated theoretical framework that synthesizes place-related psychological constructs with the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Employing structural equation modeling on data collected from 443 tourists across three heritage villages (July–November 2024), the investigation tested comparative theoretical models with differing explanatory capacities. The baseline TPB model confirmed significant positive effects of environmental attitudes (β = 0.388), environmental norms (β = 0.398), and perceived behavioral control (β = 0.547) on behavioral intentions, which subsequently influenced environmental behavior (β = 0.561). The extended model incorporating place-related variables demonstrated enhanced explanatory power, with the R2 values increasing from 48.2% to 52.7% for behavioral intentions and from 49.2% to 54.7% for actual behavior. Notably, place identity exhibited dual psychological functions: moderating the intention–behavior relationship (β = 0.155) and mediating between place attachment and environmental behavior (β = 0.163). These findings advance sustainable tourism theory by illuminating the complex pathways through which place-based psychological connections influence environmental behavior formation in heritage contexts, suggesting that more sophisticated theoretical frameworks are required for understanding and promoting sustainable practices in culturally significant destinations.Item Choices of Virtue and Vice Products and Their Impact on Visual Attention: A Meta-Analysis of Eye-Tracking Food Research(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2025-09-03) Ladeira WJ; Lim WM; Perin MG; de Oliveira Santini F; Rasul T; Gursoy D; Hall CM; Akhtar SThis article aims to analyze the impact of attention drivers associated with food bottom-up processes (virtue, vice, and binary choices) on physiological measures (fixation count and fixation duration) of psychological constructs (attention allocation and cognitive processing) of visual attention. Existing studies have analyzed these relationships in an isolated and scattered manner, indicating the need for a new study that integrates the effect sizes to better understand the state of the art. To achieve this goal, a meta-analysis was carried out, compiling information from 54 articles, encompassing 21,756 participants and 153 effect sizes (Cohen's d), to discern patterns of attention allocation and cognitive processing across three product choice scenarios: choice of virtue food products, choice of vice food products, and choice of their combination. The results reveal that virtue and vice choice contexts influence attention allocation while virtue and binary choice contexts influence cognitive processing. The results also show that the heterogeneity of the effects of virtue, vice, and binary choice contexts can be explained by externally driven marketing factors such as the cause of allergy or intolerance (product), shopping channel (place), and vividness of product presentation (promotion), as well as internally driven socioeconomic indicators such as average supply of fat per day (health), average supply of food calories per day (health), body mass index (health), expenditure on food and non-alcoholic beverages (economic), and reading PISA score (education).Item Tourism green growth through technological innovation(Taylor and Francis Group, 2025-03-28) Jo Y; Kim MJ; Yoon Y-S; Hall CM; Font XThe work seeks to assess the effect of technological innovation on the green growth of tourism across five continental regions using the STochastic estimation of Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model. Employing panel Granger causality tests, panel vector autoregression, impulse response functions, and forecast error variance decomposition, the research reveals the bidirectional causal relationship between green growth and technological innovation, emphasizing the importance of technological innovation for tourism. The study utilizes panel data from 126 countries spanning from 2010 to 2021 and employs a range of econometric techniques. These methods allow for a thorough examination of the causal relationships, short and long term impacts, and the relative importance of different variables on tourism related green growth. The findings further highlight the contribution of green growth to developing a sustainable economy and emphasize the significance of sustainable tourism as a significant factor in green growth policies. The study expands the application of STIRPAT to the green growth and tourism relationship and provides practical implications for stakeholders.Item Gen Z–pioneers or paradox in sustainable tourism?(Taylor and Francis Group, 2025-06-03) Seyfi S; Hall CM; Strzelecka MFrequently labeled the “greenest generation,” research often portrays Generation Z (Gen Z) as a generation with strong pro-sustainability sensibilities. However, closer scrutiny exposes a disconnect between their stated intentions and actual behavior. This editorial reflection draws on the contributions to the Special Issue “Gen Z: The Sustainable Tourism Generation?” and a critical scoping review to question whether Gen Z can genuinely support a shift toward sustainable tourism. The studies in this issue address themes such as pro-environmental behavior, political consumerism, ethical choices, food waste, and psychological ownership of destinations. Overall, they demonstrate a fragmented body of work, split between those who argue for Gen Z’s deep engagement with sustainability and others who highlight inconsistencies. By synthesizing insights from the special issue and mapping them against broader trends in the literature, this editorial argues that current scholarship risks overstating the coherence of Gen Z’s sustainability orientation. It urges researchers to interrogate the structural, cultural, and psychological barriers that mediate the translation of values into action. Finally, it outlines a future research agenda that calls for greater theoretical clarity, comparative and longitudinal designs, and a move beyond celebratory narratives, to better understand Gen Z’s actual role in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals within tourism and beyond.Item The ethics of eating: how do lifestyle politics shape tourists’ ethical food consumption behaviours?(Emerald Publishing, 2025-12-12) Seyfi S; Orea-Giner A; Hall CM; Zaman MPurpose: Guided by the lifestyle politics theory, this study aims to examine how ethical food commitments are negotiated and reshaped within tourism experiences. It explores how travel settings affect political food consumerism by disrupting familiar routines, introducing new cultural and logistical constraints and leading individuals to adjust their food choices in ways that reflect ongoing ethical engagement. Design/methodology/approach: Adopting a constructivist ontology and interpretivist epistemology, the study uses a qualitative design based on semi-structured interviews with politically and ethically conscious consumers. The analysis, informed by the grounded theory, identifies key themes related to motivations, emotional dimensions and barriers in travel-related political and ethical food consumption. Findings: Tourism disrupts the routines that political food consumerism usually relies on. In everyday life, ethical food choices are supported by habit, familiar products and like-minded social settings. But when people travel, they face new cultures and lose control over what food is available. From a lifestyle politics perspective, ethical choices are not fixed – they shift as situations change. In tourism, political food decisions often involve compromise, shaped by practical limits, cultural differences and being more visible. Tourism, therefore, functions as a space for ethical expression and as a context in which political food commitments are tested and redefined. Practical implications: Understanding how ethical food commitments shift during travel can help providers better support value-driven consumption. This includes improving access to verified ethical food options, clearer sourcing information and recognising the cultural and emotional significance of food choices for ethically motivated travellers. By addressing the challenges faced in unfamiliar settings, industry actors can create more inclusive environments that align with expectations around ethical and sustainable consumption. Originality/value: A lifestyle politics perspective is applied to political food consumerism in tourism, highlighting food as a highly moralised and contested area of consumption. It offers new insight into how ethical eating practices are shaped through travel and how these practices may contribute to sustainability transitions within tourism and hospitality.Item The sustainability characteristics of Michelin Green Star Restaurants(Taylor and Francis Group, LLC, 2025-03-04) Huang Y; Hall CM; Chen NCThe restaurant industry in increasingly aware of sustainability issues with around 34% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions come from life-cycle stages in food systems and increased concerns over packaging and food waste. The Michelin Restaurant Guide has awarded the distinction of a Green Star to restaurants at the forefront of the industry in their sustainability. However, although restaurant sustainable practices are often presented in food media, the characteristics of sustainability-awarded restaurants are often unknown. This study aims to identify the extent to which sustainability is promoted by Michelin Green Star Restaurants (MGSRs) as part of their online offerings. By conducting a website content analysis of 355 MGSRs, this study examines eight sustainability initiatives during food procurement, preparation, and presentation. The results suggest that MGSRs could be sustainability ambassadors and promoters, but currently, they are modest in promoting sustainability. Most MGSRs’ websites highlight their selection of local and organic food but place less emphasis on sustainable practices in food preparation, even though some of them are practising sustainability in reality. This study suggests that restaurants could be sustainability ambassadors by putting sustainable practices on their websites as well as on the “customer’s plates”.Item Exploring the Impact of Virtual Reality on Tourists’ Pro-Sustainable Behaviors in Heritage Tourism(MDPI (Basel, Switzerland), 2025-07-09) Zhu Z; Hall CM; Li Y; Zhang X; Coccossis HAlthough the rise of Virtual Reality (VR) technology has brought new opportunities to tourism experiences and marketing, limited research has explored how VR technology affects tourists’ pro-sustainable behaviors in heritage tourism research. To address this research gap, this study constructs a theoretical model by integrating the technology acceptance model (TAM) framework to explore the relationship among perceived ease of use (PEU), perceived usefulness (PUS), awe, attitude, and pro-sustainable behavior of tourists. Through the analysis of 304 valid questionnaires, this study found that in the heritage tourism experience presented by VR, PEU and PUS positively influence awe and attitude. Furthermore, awe positively affects attitude and pro-sustainable behaviors. However, PUS has no effect on tourists’ pro-sustainable behaviors. This study expands the theoretical framework of TAM and the related research on awe in heritage tourism presented by VR, providing valuable practical insights for heritage managers in the adoption of immersive technology.